Assessment Of The German Political System Politics Essay

Evaluation Of The German Political System Politics Essay Germanys current type of government law based bureaucratic republic parliamentary framework. Bureaucratic republic of Germany began in 1945 however was not the administration for all of Germany till it was joined in 1990. It contains 16 states after the merger of the West and the East legislature of Germany following constitution GRUNDGESETZ of the West Germany. The president is a solitary a situation to select the Chancellor who is the leader of the administration. Thusly the chancellor suggests or excuse individuals from the government bureau who help him in the administering of the nation. The nation is partitioned into sixteen states who are spoken to by Bundesrat involving an all out number of sixty-nine seats. Every sacred activity should initially be sent to bundesrat and must pass by 2/third votes. The Bundestag is the government get together which is legitimately chosen by the residents which comprises of 614 seats. The lawful body is the Federal established court which sett les on the incomparable court choices. Germany political impact over remote business: Germany while giving a solid worldwide brag to various global organizations faces numerous difficulties of beating its post-writschaftwunder state and furthermore battling with high expense rates and joblessness. After the world war the legislature constrained organizations to put resources into one and other which prompted organizations also arrange quite a while arranging returning low benefits. Late in 2002 Germanys parliament finished the capital addition and cross holding offering opportunity to organizations to contribute uninhibitedly. Since the time the countrys development has been huge to a place of business pioneer. Germany political hazard and seizure: Germany has stable government with least political hazard for global business, the defilement level in the nation is low. The strategies of the administration give little hazard to business confiscation. The legal framework maintains the law and is reasonable with the remote business. There seizer of advantages and property by the legislature has not to be dreaded without a pay or post-uninfected. Albeit famous laws do exist explicitly article 14 section 3 of German law which talks about essential privileges of property which apply to the two people and organizations. The law expresses that seizure will just be passable for the open great and it might just be requested by or as per a law that dictated by setting up an impartial harmony between the open intrigue and the interests of those influenced. German laws give property insurance laws and by the European association. The European association settlement permits infringement of the laws can be brought to European official courtroo m. Despite the fact that the nation has blasting business by and large its economy is languishing. The fundamental explanation being that the little and medium enterprises are not thriving its kin are all the more a saver than spending which is the principle reason harming the economy. Later in 2003 France and Germany upheld the USA in the crusade against Iraq trusting it would help the economy. This technique depended on the hypothesis of Broken Window error by Henry Hazlitts Economy yet it fizzled. Over all the war cut down the economy. Germany has consistently been a glad nation not permitting different nations to manager them or meddle in their legislative issues after their misfortune on the planet war II they restored their thoughts and moved to an increasingly political and business module permitting them to pick up status in exchange control and even government authorized power over organizations. Surveying the German governmental issues Germany has organizations and business it ensures however all in all it is protected condition for worldwide business and speculation. Driving the economy in the European association its political framework is available to global business and financial specialists. As in all Germany has low political hazard. Germanys legitimate framework Germanys legitimate structure: Germanys legitimate structure begins with the constitution known as the essential law which holds two significant capacity it safeguards the privileges of the people just as builds up the groups of government for the land. The conventional framework Germany follows is know as the common law framework, there no point of reference set by the legal standard. The common law follows an arrangement of codes which comprises of five common, common system, business, and criminal methodology these code are additionally separated into five books which incorporates the general part, commitments, properties, family, and legacy. The legal framework needs to likewise comply with the laws set up by the European association as it is a piece of the association. The courts are partitioned into three classification the standard courts, the particular courts, and the sacred court the most noteworthy court in every classification is called government court. The government official courtroom likewise know as Bundesgerichtshf is the last court of advance for a survey. The government protected court additionally know as bundesverfassungsgericht just hears matters managing established rights. The established court is separated into two divisions managing two distinct parts of the constitution. German laws: German expense law is a muddled and continually changing and yet Germany has many duty derivation laws which help however it just relies upon the organizations charge counselors information and devotion. The assessment incorporates social protection, a compensation charge and a solidarity charge. 10% of the composition on tax assessment is on Germany charge laws. The social duty is identical to twenty one percent of the all out available salary which pays for the human services and social administrations. The business must compensation the social duty that coordinates the sum the worker pays to the legislature also. The compensation charge depends on the salary the individual and it is separated into three territories. The reasoning on these assessments change and confounded and it principally helps the wealthy who can meet the prerequisite. Which is the reason the administration is condemned for its tax assessment law. Germany has a solid representative one-sided law and is called Employee insurance law. The demonstration requires the representatives to be given protected and solid workplace, restricted physical work. Expecting and nursing moms are secured by the maternity insurance act, and gives completely paid material leave before the due date. The legislature has severe laws against youngster work, those under 15 and more seasoned going to full time tutoring are disallowed from business. The long periods of work act has a severe necessity of security and wellbeing insurance and the normal time they are permitted to work a day. Be that as it may, there are no laws on least wages rather it is written in the agreement. All the workers ought to be dealt with similarly and separation on the basses of sex, cast, religion and shading are denied by law. Laws on the end are broad, there ought to be at least six to seven months notice before end. Germany being an individual from the Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development an association comprised of thirty nations settling financial, condition and social issues. These nations are taking a stab at a free market economy to raise the expectations for everyday comforts, money related security, business and different needs. What's more, in 1997 these nations marked a show, presenting a law in there legal framework The Act of Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Official in International Business in September of 1998 however it came in real life in February 1999. Since the time pay off of outside open authority turned into a criminal offense before which just household pay off was viewed as an offense. Henceforth organizations who deducted pay-offs on charges were split down and where deserving of law. Germany has one of the exacting laws on advertise limitation particularly when it comes requesting exercises, for example, selling which must be completed if the organizations have earlier assent. By and large German lawful framework is steady and safe for universal organizations to come to pass unafraid. What's more, it additionally secure human rights without limit and offers opportunity to contribute all around. Germanys Economic market Germanys economy: During the subsequent world war Germanys expansion ran uncontrolled because of Hitler forcing value controls which lead to a swelling in the economy with certain areas of the economy coming up short. After the war the nation endured a full efficient emergency with the costs of merchandise solidified and the overabundance of printed cash for the war there was cut off deficiency of good with food being the most. The economy was decreased to a bargaining framework. To find out there was no danger to the nation the administration significantly debilitated the modern force which incorporated the closing down the structure of planes, boats and ammo which where the main thrust of German economy before the war began. The Marshall plan helped Germany in financial and brain research support anyway the money related help of dollar was insufficient and with cash Reichsmark useless, the mesh monetary marvel or Wirtchafswunder was for the most part because of the change in money. Numerous financial specialists in the nation tended to the change in the money and in 1948 they presented the Deutsche Mark and alongside it they scaled down charges and lifted the value controls. With these changes Germany in quite a while had remade its economy and had progressed to turn into the third biggest economy on the planet. Indeed, even with this Germany phenomenal period it has numerous normal reasons in deceleration of the economy the primary explanation being the nations administration division of ventures was not tantamount to the assembling area which by and large brings down the seriousness in the worldwide market. Also, second being the moderate collection of capital as the nation has arrived at its top underway, the third factor being the drop in work advertise because of the stun and the expansion in the oil costs. Due these components changes are being made in the laws and the consistent development in the GDP and world interest of German merchandise staying firm changes are to be made to keep th

A Split Ballot Experiment Business Ethics - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Split Ballot Experiment Business Ethics? Answer: Presentation With the approach of globalization, the business procedure has will in general become increasingly intricate. This has transformed the business field into a serious one. Associations so as to increase an upper hand over their opponents enjoy different cheats and dishonest practices that lead to genuine results at specific occasions. Over the previous decade, a few instances of corporate cheats have been accounted for and accordingly, the soundness of the market was disturbed. Notwithstanding the associations, the partners face a large portion of the results and will in general endure huge misfortunes. Exploitative practices and instances of fake exercises inside associations have become a significant reason for worry in the worldwide business network. With respect to this, endeavors have been made in the investigation to introduce an itemized conversation on the different ramifications of hierarchical cheats and its effect on the partners of the associations. Notwithstanding that, en deavors have made in the investigation to outline on genuine contextual analyses dependent on associations in Australia, Europe and Asia. Additionally, the examination likewise manages applications Razaee (2005) CRIME in every one of the cases tended to in the investigation. Utilization of Razaee (2005) CRIME Framework on authoritative cheats: Europe: Barings Brothers and Co. constrained a) The Alleged party: In the year 1995, the bank crumbled because of fake exercises. Scratch Leeson, the leader of the derivates office in Singapore, broke down one of the parts of the bank in Singapore because of deceitful exercises. Notwithstanding that, the leader of the division as well as the tasks supervisor alongside other scarcely any accessories were engaged with the case (Albrecht et al. 2015). b) The plans of the misrepresentation: Notably, the supposed gatherings had the option to make limited quantities f bets later on exchange advertise and accordingly secured for the misfortunes that were accounted for as additions to the base camp in London. It was seen that, the supposed gatherings were associated with adjustment of the books of records to conceal the unscrupulous practices. In addition, it was noticed that, the changes in the books of records when a kindred individuals from the associations got 20 new agreements that costs the associations 20,000. c) Motive behind the fakes: The essential thought processes behind the fakes were to make transient increases through little bets and in this way, make enormous benefits. Notwithstanding that, the supposed gatherings were associated with a few other deceitful and unscrupulous practices that earned them millions inside a brief period (Anand et al. 2015). d) Risks factors included: One of the significant hazard factors engaged with respect to the contextual analysis was that of absence of any legitimate observing system to keep a beware of the exercises of the individuals from the associations. Additionally, the overseeing experts in London didn't place any limitations in the exchange of derivates that permitted Nick to work deftly and submit the cheats. Moreover, the administration of the Singapore branch didn't put any successful estimates that would have helped them to keep a mind these fake exercises (Connelly et al. 2016). e) End results: In perspective on the degenerate practices distinguished over, the association endured huge sum misfortunes as well as the business tasks were seriously hampered. In light of the issue, the Singapore office was broken down and Nick Leeson alongside the other claimed parties were sentenced for submitting corporate fakes. Australia: Bishop Gate Insurance misrepresentation a) The Alleged party: In the mid 1980s, one of the main insurance agencies in the Australian market engaged in degenerate practices and an endured a lot of misfortunes of $ 336,905. In the year, 1983, the intensity of control of Bishop Gate was passed to Andrew Stathis, who was supposedly associated with degenerate and monetary cheats, which cost the association millions. Additionally, on examination, a few material misquotes were distinguished in the money related reports of the association that was made so as to conceal for the cheats (Dugan, and Taylor, 2016). b) The plans of the extortion: It was noticed that, Andrew was associated with moving a critical aggregate of cash to abroad records. An aggregate of $ 2 million was purchased to Australia from the abroad pool so as to expand the capital of the associations. Notwithstanding, according to reports a large portion of the cash was unaccounted for after Andrew discreetly left the association and vanished. c) Motive behind the fakes: The essential rationale of Andrew Stathis was to increase a huge aggregate of cash through unscrupulous practices that included exchange of enormous wholes of cash to outside records and change of the books of records of the association (Einarsen et al. 2016). d) Risks factors required: with respect to the issue recognized over, the liquidity factor is one of the significant dangers included. Notwithstanding that, pervasiveness of tough association strategies and recording components may have helped the association to forestall the issue. The administration of the association needs to takes into account the activities o the associations and in this manner, keep an intensive check o the exchanges made so as to forestall occurring of such occasions later on. e) End results: The fallout of these episodes was reflected when the association was put for liquidation, and there was over $ 19 million total of cash that remained unaccounted for. Notwithstanding that, during the time or the breakdown, around 5000 cases of the policyholders were extraordinary to the associations Asia: The instance of Kingfisher Airlines a) The Alleged party: In the year 2015, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) enrolled a body of evidence against the Kingfisher Airlines squeezing charges of cheating of open segment banks. Vijay Mallay, the proprietor of the proprietor of the association was engaged with obtainment of noteworthy measure of advances from the IDBI Bank of India. Be that as it may, the advance sum or any related premium was not taken care of to the Bank and the cash remained unaccounted for (Giacalone and Promislo, 2014). b) The plans of the misrepresentation: It was noticed that, in the year 2015, Vijay Mallay, the proprietor of the proprietor of the Kingfisher Airlines was associated with obtainment of noteworthy measure of credits from the IDBI Bank of India. Be that as it may, the advance sum or any related premium was not repaid to the Bank and the cash remained unaccounted for. He was sentenced for illegal tax avoidance and swindling open divisions banks (Joshi et al. 2015). c) Motive behind the fakes: The essential intention distinguished with respect to the degenerate practices was to launder an enormous entirety of cash through untrustworthy practices that included exchange of huge wholes of cash to remote records, change of the books of records of the association just as tax avoidance (Wouters et al. 2014). d) Risks factors included: The dangers factors that were engaged concerning the issue distinguished above, included immense laundering of cash and tax avoidance. There was absence of any legitimate control system inside the authoritative structure that prompted such episodes. Besides, the administration of the association was not viable enough in effective administration of the money related assets of the association (Merchant and White, 2017). e) End results: Kingfisher Airlines was sold considering the occurrences distinguished. Notwithstanding that, few charges of lawful offense and common violations were squeezed against the proprietor of the association, Vijay Mallaya. In addition, an overwhelming fine was likewise put on him and was placed in house capture at first (Shanahan and Seele, 2016). Proposals for recognition and counteraction of fakes: Taking into account the conversation made above, it is significant for the administration of the association to make a basic investigation of the issues distinguished and as needs be plans arrangements that will assist the associations with reviving from their present circumstances. In setting to this, the accompanying suggestions are made: an) Europe: Barings Brothers and Co. constrained The administration needs to mull over all the exchanges that are gone into by the associations. Setting up of appropriate observing system that would assist the association with keeping an ordinary mind the business tasks Appropriation of tough authoritative arrangements that would assist with staying away from any possibilities later on Advancement of moral practices inside the authoritative structure and empowering the individuals from the association to dissuade from any sort of fake exercises (Trevino and Nelson, 2016) Ordinary assessment of the business activities b) Australia: Bishop Gate Insurance misrepresentation Setting up of appropriate observing system that would assist the association with keeping a customary beware of the business activities Setting up of a broad database the board framework that would help in keeping and support of appropriate records Appropriation of tough hierarchical arrangements that would assist with keeping away from any possibilities later on Advancement of moral practices inside the hierarchical structure and empowering the individuals from the association to stop from any sort of deceitful exercises Support of Corporate social practices inside the association c) Asia: The instance of Kingfisher Airlines The administration of the association needs to see that, the authoritative strategies are in consistence with the enactments gave by the legislature Support of a standard measure of liquidity inside the association that would encourage the administration in convenient installment of its commitments Customary assessment of the business activities Keeping in consistence with the terms and states of the different partners of the association Advancement of moral practices inside the hierarchical structure and empowering the individuals from the association to deflect from any sort of fraudule

How I Think and Learn

All through my school years I have discovered what my most ideal perspectives and learning are. I have attempted a wide range of techniques to ensure I get the best out of learning. Since I recognize what encourages me concentrate I adhere to that strategy when contemplating. Believing is a perplexing piece of me that I experience issues in, particularly when I need to settle on a choice. Thinking and learning are a procedure that has no completion, and regularly can be altered to ones potential. To realize what I am being educated, I need to change and audit my notes.I have troublesome time retaining my notes, so the more I survey them the simpler it is for me to recollect the substance. Likewise, to learn in class I need to sit in the front of class to concentrate on what is being educated. With regards to consider time, I like to be separated from everyone else to have the option to think and procedure what I am realizing. I don’t like to have interruptions right now in thi s way, this causes me think and disregard some other issues I may have. I accept that I have to improve my persona with the goal that I can turn into an effective and incredible medical attendant one day. I need to improve my specialized expertise, as indicated by Alfaro, this it to concentrate on increasingly significant things.Sometimes I devote more opportunity to associating with companions and I don’t commit enough assignments, which is progressively significant. Before, while I was taking a science course, I would invest more energy going out with my companions as opposed to reading for up and coming tests or tests. I realize that on the off chance that I center more around significant things I will be a superior understudy that will prompt an incredible nursing vocation. Another, expertise I need to enhance is my relational aptitude. I have a trouble speaking with others, particularly in the event that they are more seasoned individuals than me.I experience issues comm unicating to other people and giving any input. I might want to improve this aptitude since I need to set myself up to working with an enormous number of individuals, as at an emergency clinic. I realize that being a piece of a social insurance group implies that filling in as a group is significant. I will take a shot at this expertise by mingling more with my kindred colleagues and others when the time is fitting. The last aptitude I believe is significant for me to improve is my scholarly expertise also. I believe that my trust in dynamic isn't very high.I for the most part don’t go with my premonition. For example, when I step through an examination and I’m uncertain about an answer, on the off chance that I have an instinct about an answer I generally question myself and wind up picking an inappropriate answer. I figure this aptitude will help me as a medical caretaker later on the grounds that the life of patients will depend on me, and I need to settle on the be st choice to keep them solid. I intend to take a shot at this ability by believing myself and chipping away at myself regard. During the time that I have devoted in school to better my training and get ready for a superior future I have learned numerous new things about myself.I’ve discovered what my styles in realizing are, and what encourages me realize and stay center. I have had the option to basically consider various circumstances that will affect my life and have had the option to settle on astute choices about my life. I am cheerful that there is incredible open door for development in myself. I am looking forward into putting to utilize what I have realized and cheerful that I’ve been thought the distinction between a scholar and a basic mastermind. Alfaro-Lefevre, R. (2009). Basic reasoning and clinical judgment (fourth ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders

10 Best Online Bachelors in Child Psychology

If you want a career helping to nurture the mental health of todays youth, then getting a bachelors in child psychology is a critical step on the path to becoming qualified. The best online bachelor’s in child psychology is the perfect place to start your educational and professional career. While you’ll certainly need more than just a bachelor’s to reach your ultimate goals, the best online bachelor’s in child psychology will get you started on the right track toward becoming a qualified child psychologist. After receiving your bachelor’s, you’ll be ready (and qualified) to tackle your master’s and even a doctorate in the field of child psychology. Child psychologyand other psychology-related degreesare some of the most popular choices for prospective bachelor’s students each year. In fact, according to the National Centre for Education Statistics, around 115,000 psychology degrees were conferred between 2012 and 2013. What is a Child Psychology Bachelor’s Degree? As the first step toward becoming a child psychologist, an online bachelors degree will equip you with the foundations needed to pursue higher education and gain licensure. Modules on the course will include subjects such as child development and growth, disorders of childhood and adolescent age, behavioral analysis and assessment, and experiential learning. Youll also gain an understanding of ethics and laws surrounding modern psychology practices. The best online bachelors in child psychology programs offer a more flexible study arrangement than classroom-based teaching. Undergraduates can access lectures and reading lists online, take part in virtual collaboration and discussions with fellow peers, submit work, take assessments, and communicate with their professors through an online portal or website. Thanks to modern technology, todays courses allow remote study using computers and laptops, tablets, smartphones, and other innovative study methods. Child psychology programs are extremely competitive; the top-rated schools accept less than 3% of applicants. All applicants are expected to have taken the GRE test, with those lacking a related undergraduate degree expected to have also taken the advanced test in psychology. Applicants will also need to submit transcripts along with their GPA, in addition to letters of recommendation and a personal statement. Careers for Child Psychology Majors According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), between the years 2018 and 2028, the employment opportunities available to psychologists are expected to grow by 14%, which is higher than the average across all other professions. A degree in psychology may lead to becoming a psychologist, with a child psychology degree having the potential to lead to a career as a school psychologist. Other careers pursued by child psychology majors include clinical or counseling positions, social service assistants, or community health coordinators. Some areas are more competitive among graduates than others. According to the BLS, industrial-organizational psychologists face greater competition due to a large pool of qualified applicants. Those who have further training in quantitative research might stand a better chance of ranking more highly as part of the selection process. If youre looking to become a qualified child psychologist, then a bachelors in child psychology wont be enough on its own. The minimum level of education required for the majority of psychologist positions is a masters; some roles will even ask for a doctorate. That said, there are alternative careers in this field that can be undertaken with a bachelors degree as the highest level of education, such as social workers and social service assistants. Child Psychologist Salary Potential Statistics from the BLS show that the median annual wage for psychologists in May 2018 was $79,010, with half earning more and half earning less. Those at the bottom of the ladder earned below $44,000 and those in the highest 10% were earning just shy of $130,000. Those earning the lowest salaries tended to be in clinical settings, such as private, local and state hospitals, counseling services, or working as a school psychologist. Most states require practicing psychologists to have attained the proper licensure before offering their services to patients. The specific laws surrounding licensing vary from one state to another, as well as differing between roles. Most counselors and clinical psychologists require a doctorate in psychology, as well as an internship with one or two years of supervised practical experience. They also need to have passed the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology. Many states require continued professional development to maintain licensure for psychologists. There are also specialty certifications available from the American Board of Professional Psychology, covering areas such as clinical health psychology, rehabilitation psychology, and more. Continued certification and training can also raise the salary potential for all qualified psychologists. What are the Best Online Bachelor’s in Child Psychology? We know that you have educational goals that you’re itching to pursue, but you may not know where to start. The editors of College Rank utilize a unique ranking methodology based on the following three aspects: 40% Potential Salary After Graduation: Average mid-career salary of school alumni 30% Institutional Accreditation: Regional and national accreditation for the 2019-2020 school year 30% Overall Degree Affordability: Average cost of undergraduate and graduate tuition per school At College Rank, we strive to do our best to guide you and your family toward a fruitful academic career. The pursuit of knowledge is a noble one, and we want to help you reach your goals. Please feel free to visit our dedicated methodology page for a step-by-step breakdown. For questions, comments, badge downloads, or data corrections, please feel free to reach out to us at editor@collegerank.net. 1The University of Southern MississippiLocationHattiesburg, MississippiAverage Net Price$12,506More Information The University of Southern Mississippis mission statement revolves around creating well-rounded graduates with a focus on ethics, equipped to tackle a changing, multicultural world. Their teachings focus on equipping students to succeed in various contexts, helping children, families, couples, and working in differing settings, such as the education system, mental health practices, and social services. In this program, youll specialize in one of two emphasis areas: either Family Sciences or Child Development. A focus on Child Development is suited to students who want to pursue a career in the field of early childhood education, while a focus on Family Sciences is for those who want a career relating to social services, non-profits, or parent education. Whether a student is specializing in Family Sciences or Child Development, the tuition fees are the same. The average annual cost of tuition for Southern Mississippi’s child psychology program is $12,506, falling below the national average. However, the School of Child and Family Sciences offers 13 scholarships to prospective students every year.

The Definition of Suburban Sprawl

Suburban sprawl, also called urban sprawl, is the spread of urbanized areas into the rural landscape. It can be recognized by low-density single-family homes and new road networks spreading into the wild lands and agricultural fields outside of cities. As the popularity of single-family houses rose during the 20th century, and as mass ownership of cars allowed people to get to homes located far outside of city centers, new streets spread outwards to serve large housing subdivisions. Subdivisions built in the 1940s and 1950s consisted of relatively small homes built on small lots. Over the next few decades, the average house size increased, and so did the lot they were built on. Single-family homes in the United States are now on average twice the size of those inhabited in 1950. One or two-acre lots are now common and many subdivisions now offer homes each built on 5 or 10 acres — some housing developments in the western US even boast lots 25 acres in size. This trend leads to a hungry demand for land, accelerating road construction, and further spilling into fields, grasslands, forests, and other wild lands. Smart Growth America ranked US cities along criteria of compactness and connectivity and found that the most sprawling large cities were Atlanta (GA), Prescott (AZ), Nashville (TN), Baton Rouge (LA), and Riverside-San Bernardino (CA). On the flip side, the least sprawling large cities were New York, San Francisco, and Miami which all have densely populated neighborhoods served by well-connected street systems allowing residents close access to living, working, and shopping areas.   Environmental Consequences of Sprawl In the context of land use, suburban sprawl takes agricultural production off from fertile lands forever. Natural habitats like forests get fragmented, which has negative consequences for wildlife populations including loss of habitat and increased road mortality. Some animal species benefit from the fragmented landscapes: raccoons, skunks, and other small scavengers and predators thrive, driving down local bird populations. Deer become more abundant, facilitating the spread of deer tick and along with them, Lyme disease. Exotic plants are used in landscaping, but then become invasive. Extensive lawns require pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers that contribute to nutrient pollution in nearby streams. The housing subdivisions making up most of the sprawl are generally built well away from industry, business, and other employment opportunities. As a result, people need to commute to their workplace, and since these suburbs are generally not well served by public transportation, commuting is most often done by car. When using fossil fuels, transportation is a major source of greenhouse gases, and because of its reliance on commuting by car, sprawl contributes to global climate change. There Are Social and Economic Consequences of Sprawl Many municipal authorities are finding out that low density, large-lot suburban areas are a bum deal for them economically. The tax revenue from a relatively small number of residents may not be enough to support the construction and maintenance of the miles and miles of roads, sidewalks, sewer lines, and water pipes needed to service the scattered homes. Residents living in the denser, older neighborhoods elsewhere in town often need to essentially subsidize the infrastructure on the outskirts. Negative health outcomes have also been attributed to living in suburban sprawl. Residents of outlying suburban areas are more likely to feel isolated from their community and be overweight, in part because of their reliance on cars for transportation. For the same reasons, fatal car accidents are most common for those who have longer commutes by car. Solutions to Combat Sprawl Sprawl is not necessarily one of those environmental issues against which we can identify a few simple steps. However, awareness of some of the potential solutions can be enough to make you a supporter of important change initiatives: Be a supporter of smart growth programs at the county and municipal levels. This includes programs that revitalize development in already built-up areas. Reinvesting in neglected city centers is part of the solution, as is taking care of an abandoned property. For example, an abandoned shopping mall can be turned into a medium-density housing development without the need for new water pipes, road access, or sewage lines.Support mixed-used development. People like to live in close proximity to where they can shop, recreate, and send their kids to school. Building these types of neighborhoods around public transportation hubs can create very desirable communities.Support your local land use planning efforts. Consider volunteering for the town’s planning board and advocate for smart growth. Attend fund-raising activities for your regional land trust, as they work hard to protect prime farmland, working waterfronts, exceptional wetlands, or intact forests.Support sensible transpor tation policies that complement smart growth. This includes affordable and dependable public transportation options, investments in maintaining the existing road network instead of expanding it, building bike paths, and developing programs to make business districts pleasant places to walk.Make a personal decision to live in a less environmentally impactful way. Choosing higher density housing can mean lower energy needs, a more active lifestyle, and proximity to work, interesting businesses, art venues, and a vibrant community. You will be able to fulfill most of your transportation needs by walking, bicycling, or public transit. In fact, in a comparison of the environmental virtues of city vs. rural living,  urban dwellers have the edge.In a paradoxical but very understandable way, many people choose to move to low density, outlying suburban areas to be closer to nature. They feel that these large lots close to agricultural lands or forests would put them in close proximity to w ildlife, with more birds visiting their feeders and ample opportunity for gardening. Perhaps this appreciation of nature makes them predisposed to finding other ways to reduce their carbon footprint.

Watson and Rayner’s Classical Study with Llittle Albert Essay

In the following essay I will be looking into the study conducted by Watson and Rayner (1920) on a small child known as ‘Little Albert’. The experiment was an adaptation of earlier studies on classical conditioning of stimulus response, one most common by Ivan Pavlov, depicting the conditioning of stimulus response in dogs. Watson and Rayner aimed to teach Albert to become fearful of a placid white rat, via the use of stimulus associations, testing Pavlov’s earlier theory of classical conditioning. In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate,†¦show more content†¦(N.B Willey, 1924). This is shown in the study primarily as the rat to be visually introduced as the emotionally exciting object, followed by the striking of the steel bar as the non-emotionally exciting object. This was constructed to determine whether the former object, in time can be seen to produce the same emotional reaction as the latter object via stimulus transition. The following paragraph will now look into the opening aspects of the study along with the first research question aimed to address. Watson and Rayner aimed to investigate; ‘Can we condition fear of an animal, e.g., a white rat, by visually presenting it and simultaneously striking a steel bar?’ (B.Watson, R.Rayner, 2000). To test this method the case study was carried out in a controlled lab-based setting, with participant observation. To first eliminate any participant variables, little Albert at nine months of age was subject to a successive viewing of a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, with masks and without hair, along with cotton wool, burning newspaper and other variables. (B.Watson, R Rayner , 1920). Manipulation was the most common reaction to these encounters (attempts to touch or engage with the stimulus presented), Watson and Rayner (1920) write ‘At no time did this infant ever show fear in any situation.’ After it was established that there was not an innate

Knowledge Management Systems Conceptual Foundations

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management Systems for Conceptual Foundations. Answer: Introduction Using knowledge is regarded as a vital means to achieve better performance in an organization and be more effective in a society (Kalling, 2003). Knowledge is more important in sustenance of the business than it is for labour or land since it enables adjustment to fresh ideas. Inasmuch as this area of study being important, very few studies have been done globally as well as locally to expound on the different concepts. The utilization of knowledge capacity enables creation of an environment conducive for firm to perform well economically. Taking advantage of knowledge by making profits via the management of complicated knowledge-based initiatives is one of the challenges that faces firms. This is because it forms regular pressure for firms to deliver under very competitive conditions. In terms of assets, the value of knowledge is normally neglected hence the benefits that accrue from this underused resource is not fully maximized. According to Alavi and Leidner, (2001), knowledge management systems are a section of information systems used to manage organizational knowledge. These are information technology based systems created to aid and improve the organizational procedures of creating knowledge, save, retrieve or transfer information. It is important to note that not all knowledge management processes need to use information technology. However, knowledge management initiatives, such as acquisi tion of knowledge, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing and implementation of knowledge can assist the firm gain the required experience for instance solving challenges, vibrant learning, strategic planning and generally improve the firms performance (Zack, McKeen and Singh, 2009). According to Wong,Yee,Ling,Lin and Leong (2012), the cooperation and sharing of knowledge is beneficial to individuals and promotes business growth. The current century is the era of knowledge innovators. Several large firms have began to appreciate that keeping data and information is inadequate to sustain competitive advantage in business and to respond to these challenges, firms have been hypothesizing on methods of using and transferring assets in order to supply what the customers require in terms of goods and services customers. The knowledge and experience gained in their area of business are resources left unexplored in many companies. Presently, firms are facing vigorous competition. Some endeavor to implement corporate strategies to cater for their existing customers. To reap rewards, firms utilize knowledge management in order to be competitive with other firms. However, the main challenge faced by firms in managing knowledge is getting and assimilating knowledge to be shared among other staff members in an organization (Grant, 1996). Knowledge management has been utilized in product-based firms as well as service-based firms. However, few studies have been done in the service sector, a sector that is experiencing continuous growth. Therefore, it becomes necessary to comprehend the state of affairs in a service delivery firm in terms of knowledge management strategies. In order for a firm to remain competitive, knowledge management can play an important role. This study will therefore endeavor to explain the reasons on the importance knowledge management in service delivery firms (private health insurance firms in particular) and determine how these insurance companies utilize knowledge management to achieve competitive advantage. The major challenges and barriers that insurance firms may expect during knowledge management will be discussed. Research Questions The study will be guided by the following research questions; How does knowledge acquisition influence service delivery in the private health insurance sector in Australia? What is the effect of knowledge sharing on enhancing service delivery in the private health insurance sector in Australia? The main objective of this study will be to determine the effect of knowledge management practices on service delivery in private health insurance firms: a case study of private health insurance firms, Australia To determine the influence of knowledge acquisition on improving service delivery in the private health insurance sector in Australia To establish the effect of knowledge sharing on enhancing service in the private health insurance sector in Australia. Research Background According to the Australian health directory, Australians contribute to a collective public health insurance that is financed through a graduated scale based on income earned. However, individuals have the option of private health insurance to take care of the costs not covered in the public health insurance policy such as ambulance services, and private dental care. A report by the Ombudsman (2010) lists thirty-seven (37) health funds registered under thePrivate Health Insurance Act 2007 that are divided into two types namely; open (26) and restricted (11) types (see appendix I). The open funds are open to the general public while the restricted funds membership are firm or organization specific based on personnel of a particular organization or economic sector. Hsu, et al, (2007), notes that while addressing the factors that influence knowledge management in SMEs in Taiwan, the internet has provided increased importance to the knowledge economy through readily available information. Firms have shifted from conventional competition to completion in knowledge. They postulate that studies have provided evidence that knowledge is an integral aspect for enhancing competitiveness. According to Kianto, and Andreeva, (2012), past studies have focused on knowledge management and a firms performance through resource-based view and knowledge- based view of the organization. These two views assume that competitive advantage is not dependant on a firms product or market position concerning competition as it does on internal features. Knowledge sharing is the demeanor whereby people generally add each others understanding through expression and illustration of individual knowledge (Li Zhang, 2010). This procedure lets a person to learn and associate the knowledge practically hence knowledge sharing and organizational learning are closely associated. In the study by Schehar, Kashif and Muhammad, (2010) on factors that impact knowledge management fit in corporate sector of Pakistan, they concentrated on the major determinants of knowledge management processes and its effects on vibrant capacities, labour, firm procedure improvement and innovation. These factors were found to have a significant association with knowledge management This study is set to benefit organizations due to the practicality of organizations utilization of effective and efficient means of managing knowledge. It is envisaged that the results of this study will assist the firms to identify the pros and cons relating to knowledge management practices and thereby benefit from the opportunities realized and reduce the threats they currently face. The study will also benefit the insurance firms management in initiating policy guidelines and procedures concerning knowledge management that reflects on the firms performance in business operations. Other firms in different sectors will also benefit from the results of this study by understanding the need for proper and efficient knowledge management practices and therefore implement sound knowledge management procedures to enhance their firm performance. Fellow researchers will benefit from the study by accessing background information and reference point on the effect of knowledge management pract ices in an organization and its relationship with the firms performance. Research Methodology This study will employ a descriptive research design. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists (Kombo and Tromp, 2006). Leedy and Ormrod (2001) point out that in a descriptive study, the researcher can use the results obtained from the sample to generalize about the entire population only if the sample is truly representative of the population. Descriptive research design will be appropriate for this study because the study will involve collection of quantitative and qualitative data from a varied number of respondents by interviewing or administering a questionnaire to a sample of individuals. All the thirty-seven private health insurance firms listed by the Australian Government Private Health Insurance Ombudsman (2017) will be targeted for this study. The current study will target all the personnel managers in the thirty-seven private health insurance firms. The personnel managers will be appropriate for the study since they wi ll be deemed to possess the needed information on knowledge management practices in the organization. Research Process T census survey will be preferred for the study as sampling depends on a count of the population. Information will be derived from the entire population. Zikmund (2010), contends that census counts are essential to amend samples so that they can represent the population by weighting them. Therefore, all the 37 personnel managers of the private health insurance firms will be targeted for the study. Data Collection and Analysis Methods A questionnaire will be used for the study. This is a set of questions or statements that assess information on opinions, demographics or opinions (McMillan Schumacher, 2001). A questionnaire is preferable for primary data collection since it is cheaper, ensure confidentiality, allow utilization of standard questions and allow the respondents adequate time to ponder on the questions (Kothari, 2011). After data has been collected, it will be verified for completeness, coded and stored ready for analysis. The data will be analyzed using an analysis computer package such as SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Descriptive statistics will the determine by utilizing the measures of central tendency such as the mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics will be done by performing correlation analysis and multiple regression at 95% confidence level to determine the significance, strength of relationship and direction of the relationship between the independent variables (knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing) and the dependent variable (improving service delivery). Expected Research Outcome This study is set to benefit organizations due to the practicality of organizations utilization of effective and efficient means of managing knowledge. It is envisaged that the results of this study will assist the firms to identify the pros and cons relating to knowledge management practices and thereby benefit from the opportunities realized and reduce the threats they currently face. The study will also benefit the insurance firms management in initiating policy guidelines and procedures concerning knowledge management that reflects on the firms service delivery. Other firms in different sectors will benefit from the results of this study by understanding the need for proper and efficient knowledge management practices and therefore implement sound knowledge management procedures to enhance their service delivery. Fellow researchers will benefit from the study by accessing background information and reference point on the effect of knowledge management practices in an organization and its relationship with service delivery. Conclusion The purpose of the current study will be to establish the effect of knowledge management practices on service delivery in private health insurance firms in Australia. This study therefore, will enlighten on the need for knowledge management in terms of service delivery and establish how the firms under review utilize knowledge management to achieve a competitive edge in the market. This will be done by exploring the main challenges faced by the insurance firms, how knowledge acquisition affects service delivery and the effects of knowledge sharing on improving service delivery in private insurance firms in Australia. Related literature on the topic will be reviewed from a global perspective down to the local situation in addition to providing a critical analysis of gaps to be filled in the reviewed literature. References Alavi, M. and Leidner, D.E. (2001) Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues, MIS Quarterly, 25(1), p. 107. doi: 10.2307/3250961. Grant, R.M. (1996) Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration, Organization Science, 7(4), pp. 375387. doi: 10.1287/orsc.7.4.375. Health insurance service providers in Australia (2000) Available at: https://www.healthdirectory.com.au/Health_insurance/index-3 (Accessed: 9 January 2017). Hsu, R.C., Lawson, D. and Liang, T.P. (2007) Factors affecting knowledge management adoption of Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises, International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 4(1), p. 30. doi: 10.1504/ijmed.2007.011454. Kalling, T. (2003) Knowledge management and the occasional links with performance, Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(3), pp. 6781. doi: 10.1108/13673270310485631. Kianto, A., Vanhala, M. and Heilmann, P. (2016) The impact of knowledge management on job satisfaction, Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(4), pp. 621636. doi: 10.1108/jkm-10-2015-0398. Kombo, D.K. and Tromp, D.L.A. (2006) Proposal and thesis writing: An introduction. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa. Kothari, C.R. (2004) Research Methodology and Techniques. 2nd edn. New Delhi: New age international publishers. Leedy, P.D. and Ormrod, J.E. (2001) Practical research: Planning and design. 7th edn. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Ombudsman, P.H.I. (2010) List of health funds. Available at: https://www.privatehealth.gov.au/dynamic/healthfundlist.aspx (Accessed: 9 January 2017). Zack, M., McKeen, J. and Singh, S. (2009) Knowledge management and organizational performance: An exploratory analysis, Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(6), pp. 392409. doi: 10.1108/13673270910997088. Zikmund, W. (2010) Business Research Methods. 8th edn. New York, U.S.A: McGraw-Hill Publisher.

Ten Plagues Upon Egypt Essays - Book Of Exodus, Bo, Plagues Of Egypt

Ten Plagues Upon Egypt To escape punishment for killing an Egyptian, Moses ran away to Midian, where he met and married the daughter of a shepherd. During that time, the king of Egypt died, and the Israelites called out to God in their suffering. In the past, God had made a covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob concerning the fate of them and their descendants, and the time had come for Him to rescue them. While Moses was tending his father-in-law's sheep, he led the sheep through the desert until they arrived at Mt. Horeb. There, the angel of the Lord appeared to Moses in the form of flames from a bush. The Lord told Moses that He saw the misery that the Israelites were suffering at the hands of the Egyptians, and would come and rescue them. He instructed Moses to go to the Pharaoh, ask that the Israelites be freed, and then lead them out of Egypt and into the land of the Canaanites. When Moses objected that neither Pharaoh nor his own people would support him, God let him know that He knew Pharaoh's heart would harden against Him, so He would show His power to the Egyptians by raining down calamities against them. This display of anger for the Egyptians who refused to follow His will was manifested in ten plagues. God, working through Moses and Aaron, brought misery after misery upon Pharaoh and the Egyptians. 1. The first plague involved changing the water of the Nile River into blood. Moses warned Pharaoh that unless he let the Israelites go to worship God, the river would turn to blood, the fish would die, the water would stink, and the people would not be able to drink. Even the water stored in jars would turn to blood. Pharaoh disobeyed, and God let loose his wrath. Pharaoh hardened his heart as God had said, and walked back into his palace. 2. The second plague occurred seven days later. When the Pharaoh refused yet again to obey God, the Lord brought frogs out of the land. They filled the Nile, and every home, bed and oven. Pharaoh then agreed to free the Israelites if God removed the frogs. God caused the frogs to die the next day, but Pharaoh hardened his heart and broke his end of the agreement. God then sent a third plague. 3. Everywhere throughout Egypt, the Lord changed dust into gnats. They covered men, animals and all of the land. Even Pharaoh's magicians saw this was the work of God, but Pharaoh still would not listen. God knew this was going to happen and sent Moses to Pharaoh to demand freedom, or a fourth plague would descend upon him and his people. Like before, he refused. 4. This fourth plague brought flies over the entire land, except for Goshen, which was where the Israelites lives. Moses had gone and warned Pharaoh of this, and let him know that Goshen would be spared to prove God's power to the Pharaoh. When the flies came, they poured into the palace and the homes of Pharaoh's officials. They covered the land and ruined it. Pharaoh again agreed to free the Israelites so that they could go to the desert and make sacrifices to worship God, but only if the flies were taken away. Again, a deal was made, and God caused every last fly to leave. Yet once again, Pharaoh hardened his heart and would not let the people go. 5. Then the Lord sent Moses to warn Pharaoh of a fifth plague, in which all of Egypt's livestock would die, but not the Israelite's. Pharaoh chose not to obey, and the next day, God brought His plague. Pharaoh sent his men to investigate the livestock of the Israelites, and even though he saw that not one was harmed, he still disobeyed God. 6. God then created a sixth plague, the plague of boils, to sweep across the land. Moses took soot from the furnace and tossed it in the air before the Pharaoh, It became fine dust over the whole land and on every man and animal that it landed on caused a terrible outbreak of boils, but Pharaoh still refused to free the Israelites. 7. At this point, God instructed Moses to go once again to Pharaoh, only this time the punishment for disobedience would be even greater. Moses was to tell Pharaoh that God had given him many chances to let His people go, and now He would display

Eastern vs. Western Architecture essays

Eastern vs. Western Architecture essays Architecture has many unique characteristics as compared to the vast body of styles of art. Architecture must be functional and contend with difficult engineering challenges as well as an artistic statement. Even within the boundaries of architecture, it is obvious that the styles approached in creating the magnificent buildings seen in everyday life vary greatly. Difference in style is obvious when comparing the works of the Ancient Greek culture and those of the Islands of Japan. Both cultures have contributed greatly to the science and art of architecture, each in their own unique styles. The two contrast greatly, yet have some artistic similarities making each impressive according to yesterdays, and todays standards. The characteristics in architecture developed by the Greeks are considered among the greatest achievements in Western Society. The Greek style of architecture combines both simplicity and grandeur to create magnificent structures that are world renowned and have continuously influenced the latter day architecture of Western Society. There are many characteristics in the architecture of Greek temples that separate the Greek era from of the Japanese Shinto shrines. To fully comprehend Greek temple architecture, one must understand the basis of the Greek state of mind. Ancient Greek culture thought very highly of man. Greek philosophers believed that nature to served mankind and that man was second only to humanistic Greek gods. The Greeks built temples as monuments to the deities and were designed in attempt to conquer nature much like the gods; last for an eternity. An excellent example of a Greek temple is the Parthenon located on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The Parthen on was built to honor the goddess Athena. The Parthenon is a regular but articulate building; although it is a stoa it is perceived more or less as a sculpture or monument rather than a place of shelter. Because the Greek culture was...

Case study ( Ethic and law) for nursing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

( Ethic and law) for nursing - Case Study Example Sue lied about making observations. Ben, an assistant Nurse, was assigned to carry out a task without supervision from Sue. The assistant was not legally allowed to carry out the intervention without nursing supervision, as he was not yet licensed to practice nursing and was only in his second year. Value-laden terms are terms that indicate positive or negative emphasis, which may then have favourable or unfavourable effects on patients (White & Duncan, 2002). These statements may also refer to good or bad things, which may be evaluated based on the viewpoint of the person acknowledging their existence. In this case study, Emily expressed that her symptoms (hot, nauseated, headache) were still persistent. When consulted about these symptoms, Sue said that the patient was likely just having a cold and that she just needed to rest. The nurse discounted the patient’s symptoms, simply deriding their seriousness. In effect, the terms used by the patient were not given much value, but the value of these terms was already very much significant to the patient. From a nursing perspective, nurses should provide value to the terms used by the patients; they should have either equal or greater value, but never lesser value because this would make the patient feel that she is not bei ng properly cared for (White & Duncan, 2002). Autonomy is based on the principle of independence and self-determination. The principle of autonomy is based on the patient’s right to control his or her care, to make decisions on his or her care and even to decline care (Masters, 2009). Emily’s autonomy was violated when the nurse did not attend to health concerns (nausea, headache and feeling hot), because according to Nurse Sue, she was already old and dying, anyway. Not responding to her request for symptomatic relief meant that the nurse did not support Emily’s autonomy

Disaster Risk Reduction Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disaster Risk Reduction - Research Proposal Example Actually, disasters in informal settlements are not theoretical in nature. Probable disasters in informal settlements include an explosion of fuel storage units, the release of toxic chemical wastes from industrial processes, water pollution by heavy metals, a collapse of buildings, and earthquakes (MASKREY, 2013). Primarily, informal settlements, especially slums are heavily congested. For example, the Kibera slums in Kenya have a population of 8 times its official capacity. The Kenyan slum is built on top of a petroleum pipeline network. On September 12, 2011, one of the oil pipes ruptured, prompting the poor slum dwellers to salvage the spilling valuable commodity. Suddenly, the pipeline exploded, killing approximately 121 people in an instant, and injuring thousands of others (PELLING & WISNER, 2012). Similar accidents have occurred in other parts of the world, especially in the infamous slums of Guatemala. Allegedly, Guatemala slums lack clean water and sewage systems. Researche rs have termed some of the Guatemala slums as breeding grounds for infectious diseases, especially cholera and malaria. At this juncture, it is admissible that proper prediction and interpretation methods are necessary for the prevention and mitigation of such informal settlement disasters.This research will be conducted within the boundaries of a practical environmental impact assessment exercise, particularly the prediction and interpretation steps using data mining technique as a computer-aided method.

Mistake and Creativity Essay Example for Free

Mistake and Creativity Essay Assignment: What is your opinion on the relationship between mistakes and creativity? Since the natural propensity of human makes a trend to possess a notion of newness and deviation, intelligence beings patiently seek to response those demands with the result of new creativity. Simultaneously, mistakes of any forms apparently are inherent to creativity either during or after process of creation. Such relationship between creativity and mistakes has generally illustrated in the biography of prominent and famous scientists, Robert J.  Oppenheimer and Thomas Edison. To satisfy and improve the prosperity of life on the Earth, the scientist, Oppenheimer, has a prosperous goal to advance the technological frontiers of man in nuclear physic, and has desire to succeed in controlling nuclear reaction. Ultimately, his creativity according to his goal and desire is atomic bomb. Oppenheimer’s creativity, in contrast, deeply connects him to a serious mistake in his life. His new innovation was seriously responsible for the immense destruction of the death of ten thousands people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Therefore, this destruction can be identified conspicuously that creativity is able to provide mistake in return. While creativity is a necessary thing for mankind, mistake can be seen as a material to pursue that creativity. Taking another famous scientist into consideration, Thomas Edison is isolated himself from the other in order to discover a furtive innovation on electricity. He finally invented electric bulb after trying 1000 times. However, his 999 failures are 999 mistakes that drive him to achieve his ultimate succession. Then, mistakes in this context are root and driver to definitely create innovation. In conclusion, the relationship between mistakes and creativity is a form of complement that affects or dominates each other. Hence, this relationship is a theory, which can also be applied to daily life of each people in the creation’s process.

German Immigration to the Midwest :: American America History

German Immigration to the Midwest German Immigration: A story told by the ghosts of the past "The day I left home, my mother came with me to the railroad station.When we said goodbye, she said it was just like seeing me go into my casket, I never saw her again." So is the story of Julia B. from Germany and many others who left their life and love for a chance of happiness in a new country. This is the story of the German immigrants in 1880-1930 who risked everything on a dream of better things. What caused the German immigration to Ameica between 1870-1930? In this paper I'll answer that question plus: what caused the movement, what happined to them when they arrived, and how did they adapt. I'll also tell some of the more gritty stuff by using intimate and detailed quotes used by many real immigrants who came to America anywhere from 1880 to 1930. As you read this, be prepared to learn what really happened to these immigrants and why the streets were paved with anything but gold. Today, many Germans live throughout the U.S.; especially in the mid-west. More likely then not, they came here in the late 1800's- 1900's. This would be because of the many revolutions in the 1860's and the poverty that almost always follows war. In one 20 year span in the late 1800's Germany went to war at least 7 times taking on neighboring countries such as: Austria, France, Belgium and Russia. Like I said, much money was spent on the war effort in Germany. People were taxed heavily just to buy bullets for the army. Through all this, word was spread like wild fire through Germany that a new country in the west across the water was offering freedom and a promise of happiness for anyone who would make the long journey to the new country: America. So with somewhat heavy hearts, many men and women left their families behind to journey to America in hopes of something greater. For many, the road to America was a hard one. Most of the emigrants were very poor and had to hitchhike or walk the long miles to the coast just to be able to get on the boat to America. Sometimes it would take months just to save up enough money to pay for rides out of Germany, expensive passports, and to pay for the boat fare and it would take weeks just to go to France where they usually only began the long hard trip to their destination. German Immigration to the Midwest :: American America History German Immigration to the Midwest German Immigration: A story told by the ghosts of the past "The day I left home, my mother came with me to the railroad station.When we said goodbye, she said it was just like seeing me go into my casket, I never saw her again." So is the story of Julia B. from Germany and many others who left their life and love for a chance of happiness in a new country. This is the story of the German immigrants in 1880-1930 who risked everything on a dream of better things. What caused the German immigration to Ameica between 1870-1930? In this paper I'll answer that question plus: what caused the movement, what happined to them when they arrived, and how did they adapt. I'll also tell some of the more gritty stuff by using intimate and detailed quotes used by many real immigrants who came to America anywhere from 1880 to 1930. As you read this, be prepared to learn what really happened to these immigrants and why the streets were paved with anything but gold. Today, many Germans live throughout the U.S.; especially in the mid-west. More likely then not, they came here in the late 1800's- 1900's. This would be because of the many revolutions in the 1860's and the poverty that almost always follows war. In one 20 year span in the late 1800's Germany went to war at least 7 times taking on neighboring countries such as: Austria, France, Belgium and Russia. Like I said, much money was spent on the war effort in Germany. People were taxed heavily just to buy bullets for the army. Through all this, word was spread like wild fire through Germany that a new country in the west across the water was offering freedom and a promise of happiness for anyone who would make the long journey to the new country: America. So with somewhat heavy hearts, many men and women left their families behind to journey to America in hopes of something greater. For many, the road to America was a hard one. Most of the emigrants were very poor and had to hitchhike or walk the long miles to the coast just to be able to get on the boat to America. Sometimes it would take months just to save up enough money to pay for rides out of Germany, expensive passports, and to pay for the boat fare and it would take weeks just to go to France where they usually only began the long hard trip to their destination.

Past Meets Present: Archaeologists Partnering with Museum Curators, Teachers, and Community Groups Essay

Anthropology Statistics Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Archeological excavation retrieval of intact artifacts or remains is quite a challenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Archeology is the study of remains of human or animal or remains of human culture. It is very important in putting together the events of the past. It has helped to authenticate both written history and unwritten history. In itself, archeology has been central in discovery of history of human culture in the pre-literacy period. Man has been able to discover the hidden information that could not have come to surface were it not for the art of archeology(John Jameson J. E., 2012). Archeologies involve excavation, dating of remains, reassembling of found remains to understand the context of their use in human history. Today several theories have been put forward to explain about the origin of man. All these versions have been depending on the archeological studies to justify itself. The most surprising is that archeology has helped strengthen some beliefs more than others(Insoll, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one has been able to refute biblical stories on the basis of archeological studies. Through archeology remotely written scrolls that prove the historical facts outlined in the bible. It has therefore enhanced the authenticity of the claims. There are numerous features that are put together to be able to get accurate morphology of the body remains found in an archeological site. The main concern of archeologist is the morphological features and changes that take place. All the skeletons and artifacts recovered from an archeological site are recorded in a systematic manner which makes access to them easier(John Jameson, 2007). In recoding this information, the name of the site, the identifier of the skeleton, an access number, and type of bone found, the segments of the skeleton found, completeness score and number of fragments. The level of surface preservation is also vital. The bone can also indicate different pathologies that the pers on suffered while alive. There are different cultural practices when it comes to disposal of dead bodies some bury while others cremate partially before burial while some groups cremate fully. All these practices have an effect on the remains found at an archeological site(Hanne Andersen, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human history is quite important in understanding the modern day pattern of genetics and human settlement, ideological evolution and culture. Archeologists have to apply a lot of skills to ensure that they are accurate in their reconstruction, dating and inference. When the word archeology is mention many only thinks of a group of people who are only interested in digging up graves and ruins but it goes beyond the excavation(John Jameson, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The items that were used in the remote culture do not necessarily resemble the modern day tools and items. It takes a lot of study and brainstorming to find the purpose of a tool found at a site. The erosions and continuous formation of soil has made discovery of an archeological site quite difficult(Hanne Andersen, 2013). In fact most archeological site that has lavished our modern Museums was discovered by accidents. Very few had an intentional discovery. The floods and sedimentation and soil formation over years had been responsible for deeper and deeper burial of artifacts and remains of animals and human ancestry(Nicholas, 2010). This conceals the site completely leaving no clue on the surface(Nicholas, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As soils, rocks and materials sediments on the remains they act stronger forces on the remains. Other forces of nature that acts on the remains are exposed while at surface area also leaves effects of the remains. Unfortunately, these forces can destroy the artifacts and remain by modifying the structures and the morphology. Though the archeologists have used shapes of the modified skulls excavated from different sites to reconstruct the living morphology of the humans, it may be possible that the shapes discovered are not original and might have beendeformed by the pressure from the overlying soil and rocks(Stottman, 2010). Pieces of artifact of remote settlement are reassembled together to find out how the object looked but accuracy is still questionable. Various archeological objects discovered from various sites are rarely found intact.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cause of the damage is varied and the cause of the archeological material are also numerous. The forces responsible for the disintegration of these materials include physical forces such as damage by stray wild animals, domestic animals, sunlight, rainfall, wind and cyclones. Long exposure to these environmental forces can further damage the materials hence losing evidence of cultural heritage. Depending on the culture of a particular people, human remain were others were disposed through different methods. Thus somebody remains were buried while others thrown in the remote areas. This exposed the bodies to wild animals that tear apart the body part leaving little clue that may be less helpful in reconstructing the body morphology(Peter Bleed, 2013). The practice of dead body cremation has been practiced for quite a long time. Though the partly charred bones found in such archeological sites helps deduce the cultural practice, it conce als the evidence of what type of people lived in the archeological site. Using carbon dating may also be altered as the burning may reduce o the accuracy of the dating(Insoll, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time is also an important factor in the level of preservation of archeological material. Most of the remains of the remote human culture were not made of durable material. Even those that were made of metal were made of unrefined iron. When unrefined iron is exposed to earth for long it degrades and absorbed into the earth. The other material made from organic substances suchas wood, hides and skins easily undergo decay over time. In order to get information of the archeologist at the archeological on such material, a lot of care is required on the part the archeologist. They have to trace the impression by decayed material then infer from the impression what the artifact might have been. In doing an inference from an impression, it is obvious that one cannot be certain of its accuracy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In consideration to human history, man has used numerous methods to preserve the dead bodies. The civilization of people who once lived in a particular location also play a role in determining the intactness of an artifact or body remains. Burial boxes and built tombs offer some resistance to the force of the earth pressure exerted on the remains hence reduced destruction of the remains. This makes studies easy and also determines the durability of the remains in the Museums where they are kept(John Jameson, 2007). Greater role is expected of the authorities that protect the archeological heritage. They should be guided by principles that that are thoroughly researched and successfully used elsewhere. It should be remembered that degradation continues despite excavation and transfer of the artifacts and remains to the museums(Nicholas, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the General Conference of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization, it was noted that the preservation of the archeological sites, monuments, artifacts and remains depend on the affection that people has for them. The handlers of the artifacts of the sites and remains must develop passion to prevent further disintegration. The wish of the member countries to develop science was found to have great role. The contemplation to do further study in works of the past strengthens the understanding and cooperation between countries to protect archeological heritage. This further strengthens the fulfillment of the social mission(John Jameson J. E., 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We will explore the data from a website on archeological human remains and consider each of the bone found in the site. The percentage of completeness is likely to nullify or prove the hypothesis on the subject.The data set is for human remains that were recovered from sixteen different archeological sites in Northumberland and Durham. The human remains are kept at the Great North Museum in Newcastle, Wintergardens and Sunderland in Sunderland and Roman fort. The rest of the skeletal material was taken to a laboratory for testing in Newcastle(Nicholas, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the database of this skeletal material an analysis was done to determine the fragmentation and completeness of the material remains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Below is a graph on the distribution of the remains according to the site where they were collected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . The number of skeletal material collected per Acheological site   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The skeletal materials were collected from various archeological sites and each site had a god number of material collected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To do an assessment on the surface preservation is quite subjective. The evaluation of the surface is a good determinant of the age of the organism at time of death. It is also important in assessing the pathologies, sex and the age at death. The preservation is partly a subject of age. The ossified bone are well preserved over many years while poorly ossified degrade quite fast with time. The size of the bone is a subject of sex of the person(John Jameson S. B., 2007). The taphonomic processes such as excavation, burial environment, curation has an impact on the condition of the bone and the bulk of skeleton that will be recovered from a site. Excellent preservation means that there is no surface erosion while poor preservation shows poor preservation. The level of preservation along with the completeness has an effect on getting information from the material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The excavated remains preservation per site of discovery in the graph in fig 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fig. 2 Distribution of preservation levels of the skeletons   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Key to figure 2 0= Exellent, 1= Very Good, 2 = Good, 3 = Fair, 4 = Poor ,5 = Extremely poor ,6 = Burned bone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where cremated remains were examined they were described by their appearance L= Longitudinally Split, T= Longitudinal and Transverse Checking C= Cracking, W= Warping (Michelle Gamble, 2012)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The level of completeness of the human skeletal material collected were the compared based on the percentage of the complete whole of the remains and the following were the results. Level f preservation varied from one remains to another and also from one archeological site to another. Not all the bones were fully preserved neither were they all poorly preserved. At least each percentage of preservation were represented (see key for reference). Table. 1 Frequency for completeness of different % complete Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 22 2.4 2.4 2.4 ? 1 .1 .1 2.5 1 307 32.9 32.9 35.3 2 167 17.9 17.9 53.2 3 346 37.0 37.0 90.3 4 91 9.7 9.7 100.0 Total 934 100.0 100.0 ?= Undefined 1 = 75% 4 = 100%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the table it was noted that only 9.7% of the remains were 100% complete. This meant that more than 90 were fragmented, burned or decayed. This proves how much of the material were deformed hence identification had to be done through inference. The deformation might have been due to the pressure of the underlying soil or from physical forces. This data set also composed of the charged and burned body remains (Peter Bleed, 2013). These might have had an effect on the percentage but this is less significant as not most of the remote cultures cremated the dead bodies.The bar graph comparing the level of completeness is as in fig 3below. Fig 3 Key Y axis ?= Undefined 1 = 75% 4 = 100%(Michelle Gamble, 2012)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The percentage completeness was in different frequency. The collected remains had different level of completeness of the fragments. Each level of completeness was represented showing that the fragmentation is significant in all remains what varies is the degree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fragmentation also has greater effect on the artifacts. The fragment increases work in analysis of the archeological remains. The archeologist has to identify part of the fragment from numerous fragments then use then to reassemble the bone or the artifact. This can be quite challenging especially when parts of the same bone to be reassembled have decayed completely and is not traceable any longer(Stottman, 2010). This may be quite difficult the probability of reassembling unlike fragments is high. The connecting of wrong fragment has an effect on the morphology hence losing the right shape of the organism or objects. A wrong conclusion is made hence conceal the culture and body morphology of the organism. The fragments were recorded some in terms of weigh and some in terms of numbers. Fig 4. No and weight Fragments collected at the sites Note   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The figures in the Y axis without units are the number of fragment while hose with units are weight of the fragments. The data set was not recorded in uniform units but is helpful for the comparison(Michelle Gamble, 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The graph portrays the occurrence of a number of fragments and the weight of each fragment and the number collected from the sixteenarcheological sites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the bones were segmented. Some only part of the segments were found at the site Figure 5. Table of the Bone and the segment recovered   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The table above is a plot of the bones and the corresponding type of segment collected from the archeological site. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of the human skeletons collected from the sixteen sites have proved over 90% of fragmentation and fragmentation. This trend is similar in other skeletal material from archeological site, the same phenomenon happens with the animals remains, material artifacts of remote human culture. Therefore fragmentation is a great setback to the archeologist in getting right information for scientific and historical inference. Most of forces and conditions responsible for this are not preventable but human error during excavation may be avoided. With careful marking and excavation, the relevant information retrievable from material remains can be increased. Marking and protecting of identified archeological site is necessary. References Hanne Andersen, D. D. (2013). New Challenges to Philosophy of Science. New York: Springer. Insoll, T. (2007). The Archaeology of Identities: A Reader. New York: Routledge. John Jameson, J. E. (2012). Training and Practice for Modern Day Archaeologists. New York: Springer. John Jameson, S. B. (2007). Past Meets Present: Archaeologists Partnering with Museum Curators, Teachers, and Community Groups. New York: Springer. Michelle Gamble, C. F. (2012). Osteological Analysis of Early Bronze Age human skeletal remains in Tyne and Wear Museums. Retrieved March 29, 2014, from Acheology Data Service: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/osteol_2013/downloads.cfm Nicholas, G. P. (2010). Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists. Chicago: Left Coast Press. Peter Bleed, D. D. (2013). Custer, Cody, and Grand Duke Alexis: Historical Archaeology of the Royal Buffalo Hunt. New York: University of Oklahoma Press. Stottman, M. J. (2010). Archaeologists as Activists: Can Archaeologists Change the World? Alibama: University of Alabama Press. Source document

Simple Tips For Finding Happiness - 1712 Words

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