Restriction In Marriage In The Story Of An Hour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 325 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Story Of An Hour Essay Did you like this example? Kate Choppin shows the theme of restriction in marriage. it is true that marriage link and connects people together however people lose their freedom after they get married. important historical context to keep in mind about this work is that it was published in 1894. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Restriction In Marriage In The Story Of An Hour" essay for you Create order women did not have many rights during this period in history. Chopin used of literary realism reflect society, women did not have the right to pick whom they would get married. The idea of restrictions within marriage is shown in the beginning, Choppin states Mrs.mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble great care was taken to break her as gently as possible the news of her husbands death ( Paragraph 1). Through the authors diction, the reader noticed how she is being referred to as Mrs.mallard because she is married to Brentley Mallard. For the rest,,of the text, she is frequently referred to as Louise she since Mrs.Millard get to be her individual self if her husband passed away. The heart symbolizes love in many cultures, in the beginning, the author states that she has heart trouble. reading this should give the reader the idea that the heart issues directly connect to the restrictions within her marriage relationship. After she found out that her husband is no longer alive she yelled Free free free all sort of days Would be her own ( Paragraph 11+19). she feels alive as blood rush through her body and pulses increase. Mrs.mallard finds the opportunity to live the rest of her life for herself. she looks forward to all the individuality and freedom. however, as she sees brently walk through the doors she collapsed from disappointment. She realizes that the happy life that she was hoping and dreaming of is no longer available as if life is being taken out of her. the ending of the story is very ironic since a person should be happy knowing that someone they love is not dead.

The Drug Normalization Theory How Illegal Drug Has Changed

The drug normalization theory portrays how illegal drug has shifted from symbolised as a criminal offense to becoming a way for young adults to pursue the recreational propose, determined by their own decision. In the contemporary society, three primary sources affect our understanding of what is considered as ‘normalization’ of drugs. First of all, the official data of addicts from British Crime Survey provided by the home office can illustrate easier access to illegal drug. Additionally, the governmental organisations, containing the home office, constructed a variety of policy suggestions and information concerning drug consumption, drug legislation and drug control. The final aspect is that all kinds of media such as the TV, journals and the Internet reported about the danger of taking drug and drug-associated offense. The authorities, academics and the press have given various information of national drug ‘normalization’. There have been a lot of argume nts over this theory. The criticisms by Shiner and Newburn (1999) stated that the government report might overstate the number of drug use. From their point of view, the normalization theory is ‘romantic hyperbole’ that sends a misunderstanding message of life-time consumption and frequency of drug taking. Their main idea was the larger part of young people did not use drug and people who take drugs were the minority since only a small amount of them would actually become addicted to illicit drugs. Nevertheless, the drugShow MoreRelatedCritically Discuss What Howard Parker Et Al (1998) Mean by the Normalisation of Recreational Drug Use. How Convinced Are You by This Explanation of the Contemporary Drug Situation?3093 Words   |  13 Pagesthe normalisation of recreational drug use. How convinced are you by this explanation of the contemporary drug situation? This essay is going to look at Howard Parker et al’s (1998) theory of ‘normalisation’ and critically evaluate whether or not it still relevant in contemporary society. The essay will begin by explaining the theory in relation to how and where it developed from. The essay will move on to focus on specific aspects such as globalisation and how certain issues have affected theRead MoreFeminism And The Criminal Justice System1753 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 10 According to Lilly, Cullen, and Ball (232) Feminist theory has been on the back burner of modern criminology until the late 19th century. As with the other criminology theories there are many thoughts and ideas on why females commit crimes. In the beginning the theories seem to revolve around the victimization of the female gender. Then criminologist took a look at female delinquency, prostitution, and gender inequality in the criminal justice system. 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The 1995 VIR/IHA Cannabis Germplasm Preservation Project was again successful and a preliminary report is presented in this issue. The IHA still owes the Vavilov Research Institute (VIR) of RussiaRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pagesor phrases which can not be understood literally. Euphemism is sometimes figuratively called â€Å"a whitewashing device. Euphemism is used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a conveniently more acceptable one . For example the word to die has the following euphemisms: to expire, to pass away, to depart, to join the majority, to kick the bucket, etc†¦ . Euphemisms are words or expressions that speakers substitute for taboo words in order to avoid a direct connotations with topics thatRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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New Criticism vs. Reader Response Criticism Free Essays

What is more accurate, new criticism or reader response criticism? The answer Is neither, seeing as both styles of critic views and analyzes the topic at hand and gives feedback. Though both styles offer feedback, they are different forms of feedback entirely. New criticism involves focusing on the material at hand, and not what It was meant to be perceived as, to Judge the topic by every measurable feature possible. We will write a custom essay sample on New Criticism vs. Reader Response Criticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reader response criticism is when a reader or a Judge would Inspect the topic up and down, left and right. The reader Is not Judging based on hard facts, but as to hat the topic means to the reader, how It makes him feel and how he views the topic differently from what the creator may have Intended. When explaining food for example, one could say this dish has a lot of salt, or not enough flavoring, or you could say that this dish brings back memories of your childhood. Neither response Is Inaccurate, nor are they fully correct. A response Is entirely subjective and could vary in the eye of the beholder. New criticism is harsh and severe, basing their feedback off hard facts of the topic. Food for example, is one topic that people could use new criticism. My mother sakes a dish every Friday night called â€Å"Match†. It is an Israeli dish made up of roasted red peppers and tomatoes, usually served cold. A judge using new criticism might mention things like the texture is not right, or that the intensity of the spicy flavor is not up to par. He could say something like, the texture is just perfect and the density is not too thick and not too soft. He views this food as nothing but another dish, noticing its faults and its feats. Reader response criticism is a different story. Though the Judge who views my mothers cooking with new criticism may bluntly say what is wrong with the food or hat is perfect, reader response criticism entails a new way of looking at my mothers dish. L, for example, do not inspect my mothers cooking, to ensure sure it has enough salt, or that it is not high in spices to the point where I could not eat it. I criticize the food differently. When the plate is brought out to the dinner table, my first Interaction with it is its delicious aroma. This aroma does not bring to my attention if the food is well prepared or not, but it takes me back to my childhood memories where I can see my grandmother making me the same dish in Israel, where I am dated around my entire family. This dish means more to me then a delicious salad- type dish, but it is a representation of the strength of our family as a whole. This dish Is a symbol of what brings our family together at the dinner table, Joining us for one purpose. Many people may see a movie and Judge the movie based on a number of things. Say there was a movie based on a high school basketball team that against all odds made It to the state finals and lost. A normal cartel may comment on the skill levels of the actors Involved, or they may bring up the topic of the depth of the plot. They may bring to some peoples attention what was wrong with the story, what did not make Others may see this movie differently. One viewer, could have been part of a high school athletic team, and could understand and relate to the hardships that the boys had to go through to make it to where they did. He might understand the excitement they felt when making it to the finals, or the pain they went through when the game clock hit zero. Both forms of criticism may be accurate, but how you view a movie or a dish can vary on the experiences you may have went through or the past you may be used to. How to cite New Criticism vs. Reader Response Criticism, Papers

Individual Report free essay sample

This essay is an analysis of Why Herborist’s next target market should focus on USA and how to implement based on the current situation of Herborist. 1 Background of Herborist Herborist is a high-end skin care brand of Jahwa Group which born in 1998 (Herborist, 2014). It is the first complete modern herbal personal care brand in China. The meaning of Herborist is the essence of hundreds of herbs. Herborist develop the natural and effective products for consumers by combining the traditional Chinese medicine formula and the latest achievement of modern biotechnology (Herborist, 2014). Nowadays, Herborist has become one of the leader brands in China’s high-end cosmetics market, and has embarked on the journey of international market. France is the first success step of Herborist. 2 Products Up to now, Herborist has about 180 products, covering hair care, body care, facial care and essential oils. These products has been divided into different series, the New Whitening series and Taichi Series are the featured product, also the bestsellers, among all series. 3 SPA In 2002, Herborist SPA opened its first store in Shanghai China (Herborist SPA, 2014). So far there are 15 stores in China, in order to provide a place to modern people for relaxing and calming their body and mind from the busy life (Herborist SPA, 2014). 2 Market analysis By considering the development of Herborist, it is obviously not enough that limited the international market to France. Therefore, further expand the international market is imperative. According to the analysis of the following data, we think that United States, Canada and United Kingdom should be taken into account. 1 Why USA 1 Comparison between USA and Japan Table 1: Country market size by retail value (retail selling price) from 2004 to 2009, and world ranking Rank US$ millions 2004 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 USA 54,485. 4 56,092. 5 57,732. 1 59,546. 1 59,647. 5 58,864. 1 2 Japan 38,683. 4 39,580. 8 40,472 41,128. 9 40,865. 6 40,013. 5 *Country market size by retail value (retail selling price) from 2004 to 2009 (Zhou, K. 2011) Table 2: Demographing and expenditure per capita of personal care products, and world ranking CCountry Male population aged 15-64 Female population aged 15-64 Rank Expenditure on personal care products per capita (US$) 2009 Rank USA 104,411,352 104,808,064 3 262. 08 19 Japan 40,815,840 40,128,235 6 390. 83 3 * Demographing and expenditure per capita of personal care products (Zhou, K. 2011) As we can see from table 1, the market size of USA and Japan were ranking top two of the world since 2004. Table 2 shows that there is a huge population allocated between 15 to 64 years old in USA and Japan, third in the world for USA and sixth in the world for Japan, respectively. Turing to the expenditure on personal care products per capita, Japan ranks third and USA is nineteenth. When considering expanding into new markets, the market size and customer base are very important. From table 1, the market size of both USA and Japan are large. And table 2, although the expenditure per capita of USA is not as good as those of Japan, the total spending in USA is much higher than in Japan due to the large number of population. 2 Other reasons For USA: The USA is an immigrant country with a large number of Chinese settlers. The USA is a multicultural country with a high degree of culture compatible. People in USA are easy to accept new things. The USA is a aboard study country. A mass of international students come to USA every year, especially Chinese students. The USA has many local beauty brands related to herbal, which means people know about herbal in a certain degree. For Japan: Japan’s land area is too small; the population is not as much as USA’s. There are too many naturally domestic brands, through Japanese people know herbal very well, the market is too competitive. Although Japan is also a aboard study country, the number of universities is far lower than that of USA. That means the student group is small. Lack of a stable customer base. Japan is not a country of immigrants, in another word, people from other countries like international students will continue leaving once completed their studies. Considering all the reasons above, we strongly recommend Herborist choose USA as the next enter market. 2 Campaign There are a lot of natural and organic brands in the U. S. market. If Herborist decides to enter USA, Kiehl’s and Origins will be the strong competitors to Herborist. Kiehl’s Kiehl’s is a natural brand of L’Oreal Group. It is famous for high quality skin care and hair care products in U. S. market. Kiehl’s believes that natural ingredients have been an important part of their formulas since they began as a New York City pharmacy more than 150 years ago (Kiehl’s, 2001; L’Oreal, no time). Origins Origins belongs to the Estee Lauder Group. It is an advocate of natural, highly effective skin care brand. Origins uses the natural and organic material, such as mushroom, lemon and ginger, to create safe and effective products. They claim that their products are formulated with natural and certified organic ingredients and 100% natural essential oils (Origins, 2014; Estee Lauder, 2011). 3 Marketing Strategy analysis Here will analyse Herborist’s current situation and strategies. 1 SWOT analysis 1 Strengths Unique selling point. Chinese medicine formula is an attractive point to customers. Strong research and develop capability. In November 2007, Herborist Herbal Institute was established. It is the first research institute focus on the field of Chinese herbal cosmetic in both China and the world. Good organic cosmetics brand image. Product packaging is fresh and simple that makes people feel comfortable. Clear marketing position. Target on middle-class consumers. Strong parent company. Jahwa Group was evolved from Kwong Sang Hong, Hong Kong, which founded in 1898 (Jahwa, 2014). Currently, Jahwa Group has 9 brands and its own research institute. Store+counter+SPA sales channel. At the beginning, Herborist opened stores to enter the market. Then opened counters in advanced shopping mall to improving brand image. Finally, opened Herborist SPA in 2007, built a new channel for products promotion. 2 Weakness Gap between eastern company and western culture. It may lead to lack of understanding the market. Lack of brand awareness. Although Herborist is famous in China domestic market, still cannot compare with some big brands in international market. Lack of experience on international marketing. Simple product lines. Herborist was founded only 15 years, the products line is still simple. 3 Opportunity There are not many herbal medicine cosmetic brands in USA. Large middle-class customer base in USA. The Chinese medicine is popular in USA. Easy to promote. Herborist can do promotion with Sephora. Nature ingredient trend. Online shopping platform. Growing number of people would like to shopping online. 4 Threat Tough competition. Competing with many world famous cosmetic brands on the same stage. Under control of Sephora. Sephora is the only one sales channel of Herborist in international market. Economic crises decreased consumers’ expenditure. Impact of the same type products from other brands. Made in China. The image of ‘China is world factory’ will make customers feel that Herborist is not high-end products. 2 Porter’s five forces analysis * The five competitive forces that shape strategy (Porter, M. E. 2008) The Porter’s Five Forces tool is a simple but powerful tool for understanding where power lies in a business situation (Tool, M. 2011). 1 Analysis Suppliers In international market, Herborist only have one agent in one market, which means Herborist will be control by agents and week power on the sales channel construction. Customers Herborist will increase benefits if they can reduce the cost of customers’ time, money, physical and spiritual. Competitors It specific performs in the game between competitors and agents of Herborist. Herborist’s channel advantage will be weakening once the competitors got more benefit. 2 Herborist can consider two strategies of Porter’s Three Strategies for channel construction Cost leadership For Herborist, lower the channel costs for increasing the cost-effectiveness is the best choice for international market expansion. Differentiation First of all, under the situation of single channel in international market, Herborist should try to make differences between its own channels with others. In addition, Herborist can use its own advantages, such as traditional Chinese medicine formula. By using this unique selling point Herborist can create different promotion strategy. 4 Future strategy and implementation Base on the analysis of Herborist current situation and strategy through SWOT and Porter’s Five Forces, Herborist can use the following marketing plan. 1 Marketing Mix 4Ps 1 Products Intensify the development of products, enrich the product lines. Open a SPA flagship store. This store does not sell any products but use the Herborist products to offer service to customers. 2 Pricing As a high-end brand, the price of Herborist’s products in USA should be higher than the domestic price. 3 Place Maintain the cooperation with Sephora. For the reason that Sephora has a lot of stores in USA. Open up new sales channels. Herborist can find another agent in USA or open an online shop, thus can get rid of the control of Sephora. 4 Promotion Herborist should increase advertising spending to improve brand awareness. Herborist can promote in the SPA flagship store and online store other than promote in Sephora. Herborist can also find a spokesperson. Give free sample to consumers or potential customers in promotion events. 2 Entry mode Direct export is a suitable choice for Herborist. The reasons are following. 1 Products continuously made in China so that Herborist can maintain its authenticity. 2 Keep maintaining the strategic alliance with Sephora. Because of the failure in Hong Kong. 3 Establish an online shop to lower the cost of sale. Herborist can deliver products to the U. S. customers from China, so that no need to rent a warehouse in USA. At the meanwhile, make an agreement with a local delivery company. 3 Grow strategy Once determined that USA would be the next target market, it is better for Herborist to make a five-year plan. First year: Selling in all Sephora stores in a select city where has large population of Chinese people, such as Los Angeles, to ensure successful promotion and a stable customer base. Second and third year: Develop to other Sephora stores in one or more states on the basis of original city. Set up membership and points system to expect in retaining the old customers and attracting new customers. Fourth and fifth year: Develop to all Sephora stores in the whole USA. At the same time, open the first SPA flagship store in a particular city like New York, and establish an online shop. 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Revenue US$ 1 million 3 million 5-7 million 7-10 million 10 million + *Table: Assuming budget for the next three years 5 Conclusion Herborist is the first high-end skin care brand of Jahwa Group and famous for its high quality products (Global Times, 2014). With 16 years development, nowadays Herborist has already got the ability to compete with other international brands in the global market. However, too many brands lead to extremely competitive in the world cosmetic market. In this case, in order to win in the competition, Herborist must walk out a special way in market strategy, product position, channel construction and promotion. This assignment is based on the current development and strategy of Herborist, analysed the possibility of enter the U. S. market, and gave adjustments on the marketing strategy.

Shutter island free essay sample

Julia Kristevas 1982 account of abjection usually has connections with cinema in relation to the horror film, a genre in which scenes of blood and death feature prominently, exemplifying some of the threats to subjectivity that constitute the abject. In contrast, this paper locates abjection in the filmic institution, where challenges to subjectivity arise through spatial restriction, extreme control or mental illness, and invariably lead to visual chaos and narrative disorder. These traits seem universal to the American institution film – the ‘institution film’ being, for the purposes of this paper, one in which the institution is central to narrative organisation. Indeed, such patterns of transgression appear regularly throughout the genres well-established history, being conspicuous in high-security settings. It is therefore relevant to diverge from typical Foucauldian analyses of the institution to a theoretical model that centres on the implications of repression. Kristevas 1982 theory of abjection provides such a model, which this paper utilises to explain how fictional institutions affect subjectivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter island or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper argues that as sites of extreme control, such institutions become abject spaces, abjection manifesting within both the mise-en-scene and cinematography. In relation to the asylum, abjection further emerges in the nature of mental illness. Referring to Scorseses Shutter Island (2010), I correlate abjection with the loss of identity that the films protagonist experiences, considering how abjection visually manifests in the physical spaces of the asylum, and propels the narrative trajectory forward. Julia Kristevas 1982 account of abjection usually has connections with cinema in relation to the horror film, a genre in which scenes of blood and death feature prominently, exemplifying some of the threats to subjectivity that constitute the abject. In contrast, this paper locates abjection in the filmic institution, where challenges to subjectivity arise through spatial restriction, extreme control or mental illness, and invariably lead to visual chaos and narrative disorder. These traits seem universal to the American institution film – the ‘institution film’ being, for the purposes of this paper, one in which the institution is central to narrative organisation. Indeed, such patterns of transgression appear regularly throughout the genres well-established history, being conspicuous in high-security settings. It is therefore relevant to diverge from typical Foucauldian analyses of the institution to a theoretical model that centres on the implications of repression. Kristevas 1982 theory of abjection provides such a model, which this paper utilises to explain how fictional institutions affect subjectivity. This paper argues that as sites of extreme control, such institutions become abject spaces, abjection manifesting within both the mise-en-scene and cinematography. In relation to the asylum, abjection further emerges in the nature of mental illness. Referring to Scorseses Shutter Island (2010), I correlate abjection with the loss of identity that the films protagonist experiences, considering how abjection visually manifests in the physical spaces of the asylum, and propels the narrative trajectory forward. Julia Kristevas 1982 account of abjection usually has connections with cinema in relation to the horror film, a genre in which scenes of blood and death feature prominently, exemplifying some of the threats to subjectivity that constitute the abject. In contrast, this paper locates abjection in the filmic institution, where challenges to subjectivity arise through spatial restriction, extreme control or mental illness, and invariably lead to visual chaos and narrative disorder. These traits seem universal to the American institution film – the ‘institution film’ being, for the purposes of this paper, one in which the institution is central to narrative organisation. Indeed, such patterns of transgression appear regularly throughout the genres well-established history, being conspicuous in high-security settings. It is therefore relevant to diverge from typical Foucauldian analyses of the institution to a theoretical model that centres on the implications of repression. Kristevas 1982 theory of abjection provides such a model, which this paper utilises to explain how fictional institutions affect subjectivity. This paper argues that as sites of extreme control, such institutions become abject spaces, abjection manifesting within both the mise-en-scene and cinematography. In relation to the asylum, abjection further emerges in the nature of mental illness. Referring to Scorseses Shutter Island (2010), I correlate abjection with the loss of identity that the films protagonist experiences, considering how abjection visually manifests in the physical spaces of the asylum, and propels the narrative trajectory forward. Julia Kristevas 1982 account of abjection usually has connections with cinema in relation to the horror film, a genre in which scenes of blood and death feature prominently, exemplifying some of the threats to subjectivity that constitute the abject. In contrast, this paper locates abjection in the filmic institution, where challenges to subjectivity arise through spatial restriction, extreme control or mental illness, and invariably lead to visual chaos and narrative disorder. These traits seem universal to the American institution film – the ‘institution film’ being, for the purposes of this paper, one in which the institution is central to narrative organisation. Indeed, such patterns of transgression appear regularly throughout the genres well-established history, being conspicuous in high-security settings. It is therefore relevant to diverge from typical Foucauldian analyses of the institution to a theoretical model that centres on the implications of repression. Kristevas 1982 theory of abjection provides such a model, which this paper utilises to explain how fictional institutions affect subjectivity. This paper argues that as sites of extreme control, such institutions become abject spaces, abjection manifesting within both the mise-en-scene and cinematography. In relation to the asylum, abjection further emerges in the nature of mental illness. Referring to Scorseses Shutter Island (2010), I correlate abjection with the loss of identity that the films protagonist experiences, considering how abjection visually manifests in the physical spaces of the asylum, and propels the narrative trajectory forward. Shutter Island free essay sample If you have seen the movie Shutter Island, you will notice that topic is according to scrip in this film. Andrew Laeddis was a soldier who joined the World War Two and killed Germany prisoners of war in death camp. Then he became a U. S. Marshal in Boston, and became alcoholics and ignored his suicidal-wife. Her wife burned their apartment then drowning their three kids in the back yard. Andrew killed his wife to â€Å"set her free† and burned their house. According to what Dr. Cawley explain his symptoms at the very end: â€Å"You crime is terrible, one you can’t forgive yourself for, so you invented another self. You create a story which you are not a murderer, you’re a hero, still a U. S Marshal, only here because of a case†. This movie is based on a mental hospital/prison, so most of people in it have one kind or another abnormality. We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But I only focus on Andrew’s disorders. Most mental illness patient will hold multiple disorders, like he also has persecution mania and proclivity for violence. Before diagnosis his disorder, I think the background knowledge and social factors introduction for that period is necessary. The World War Two was end by 1945 and this story happened in 1954. During that time, biological perspective and psychopharmacology perspective for abnormal psychology’s treatment had a debate/war. Former emphasized use surgical intervention: psychosurgery, like Tran’s orbital lobotomy or chlorpromazine drug, to solve the problem thorough and quick. But the latter believe that spend time and money to make people â€Å"unless happy and peace† is worthy. Andrew is a serious DID patient who suffered the war and fratricidal, also with propensity to violence and paranoia. This movie describes the last psychopharmacological treatment, role play treatment, which cued him finally. According to the DSM-IV-TR 5-axis to diagnosis his symptom: l   Axis I: Schizophrenia and PTSD. DID, single episode. This is obvious in the whole movie. l   Axis II: paranoid personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. l   Axis III: the movie does not mention if he overdose or not. But he had been used chlorpromazine for two years and his hands will shake badly when he stopped taking the pills. Also, his migraine may be caused by medical conditions, too. This is not clear in the movie). l   Axis IV: stressor from storm or water will cause migraine or vomit. Any other things about Nazi/German will cause flash back to the death camp and remember the Jewish music at that day. l   Axis V: I am affair that Andrew’s GAF score is lower than 30. This is so unfortunate that Andrew has so many problems. The film is only two hours but we can see the problem from his behaviors. According to diagnosis from movie: â€Å"patient is highly intelligent, highly delusional decorated army veteran, present for the liberation of Dachau former U. S. Marshal. Known proclivity from violence, shows no remorse for his crime because he denies the crime ever took place. Highly developed and fantastical narratives which preclude facing the truth of his actions. † First, he is obviously suffered dissociative identical disorder. He creates another self to avoid the trauma. That what the whole movie talking about. Here I had love to mention Defense mechanism which is mentioned several times in movie. Defense mechanisms are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt. Psychology: Themes amp; Variations 8E Briefer Version, Wayne Weiten, P382~383) People use mainly six ways to avoid negative emotions: repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, rationalization and identification. He use repression to keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious lead him only thinks about the horrible past when he dreaming. He dreamed about his wi fe and house at the first time, and the Dachau camp at the second time. After he waked up, he became Marshal again. He use identification to imagine he is still a marshal and never killed anybody to avoid his guilt. He used projection to create another women named Rachel Solando (According to law of 4, Rachel Solando is equal to Dolores Chanal, which is the name of his wife before they married). She â€Å"drown her three kids one by one in the lack at back yard†. He put his memory to another unreal person to protect himself. (As I mentioned law of 4 already, you may notice that the Marshal named Edward Daniels is himself, because this name is equal to Andrew Leaddis. If not, you will know at the end of movie) The most interesting defense mechanism is rationalization. To make his fantasy world keep going, he rationalized all the usual things, no matter how Dr. Cawley and Dr. Sheehan imply him. So Dr. Cawley showdown at the end: 1: last night, Rachel disappeared between 10~12, and today, he is on the ship to Shutter Island with a new partner Chuck, who is from Seattle, 3000 miles away. 2: Chuck is worked four years in federal government but he cannot take out his gun smoothly. 3: Rachel’s room is in B part which is male ward and her shoes are huge men’s shoes. 4: Rachel was found without any scratches on the feet, but it was storm outside and she ran away without shoes on. There are still more this kind of flaws but he ignore all of them. This is the only way he can keep hiding in his fantasy world. As I mentioned, he has serious paranoid personality disorder. In the movie, Martin Scorsese used some uncommon phenomenon to imply the existence of his hallucination: 1: when he first arrived the hospital, everything seems horrible and hostile. All patients were working with handcuffs and fetters. At the end of movie, we can see the reality view of hospital is warm and nice. 2: His wife, a dead woman, appears everywhere. 3: When they interrogate Mrs. Carnes, she wrote â€Å"RUN† on his note book but actually she did not. The clue is Mrs. Carnes change her emotion, became scared suddenly. And she pretended to drink water but there was no cup in her hand. 4: Andrew had an important conversation with George in C ward. George’s emotion changed without any sign like Mrs. Carnes, and told Andrew about the brain washing surgery in lighthouse. 5: Andrew found a cigarette end on cliff, so that he found Chuck’s body at bottom. This part is proved is his illusion because he noticed there is no body after he went down the cliff. And there was a clue implies audiences: the wind on cliff blow his hair to the right but the smoke from the cigarette end was to the other side. And then he found a large number of rats come out from the cave. There should not have any rat in ocean. It is imply that the meeting and conversation he had with â€Å"doctor† in cave is his imagine. He is â€Å"man to violence† or a â€Å"violence man†. He loved to choose violence way to express himself. He had hurt most of people in this hospital. The people he beat include patients, security guards, policemen, nurses, care workers, his friend George, and even Dr. Sheehan at the end. And because of his antisocial behaviors, this is the last chance they will treat him as a patient. If role-paly treatment failed, then they will do the lobotomy. All of those disorders were working to his dissociative identical disorder. All the avoidances and defense mechanisms helped him to create a new person and a new story. I choose this character because most of psychiatrists are not willing to accept this disorder. And someone think it is a good way to avoid sadness, so it is not necessary to treat them. But actually the patients is not happy in their fantasy world, they just struggle between the reality and illusion. In Andrew’s dream, his wife said â€Å"you have to stay, she is here, you can’t leave† to make him stay in his role-paly memory. But she also said â€Å"you have to wake up. You have to dace that† to make him realized the truth. Struggle only can make things worse and increase the tension, and DID should be value so that we can find more valuable and safety treatments. Andrew’s disorder is not caused by biological injured. His dissociative identity disorder and dissociative amnesia is cause by two traumas in his life. This first time is happened when he was a soldier. He saw thousands women and kids killed by Nazi. In his dream, a little girl asked him why he did not save her, save of them. The second trauma happened when his wife killed his kids. His little girl, Rachel (same name with the missing patient in his imagination), appeared in his dream and illusion many times and asked: â€Å"you should save me; you should save all of us! † He blamed himself for why he was there too late; for why he did not pay a little attention on his poor wife; for why he killed his wife. Psychodynamic theorists believe this disorder is caused by repression, which I mentioned earlier as a defense mechanism. The trauma Andrew went through is thought to result from a lifetime of excessive repression. He cannot accept those memories, so the best way to avoid them is repress them to unconscious part. And create new personalities/alters that can help the host feel better. Behaviorisms believe dissociate is developed from normal memory processes by operant conditioning. Andrew may create some unreal memory and other personalities after the trauma, and he will keep doing that because illusion can make him forget guilt and sadness. After long run, he is truly believed that he is the person he created and those unreal memories become real to him. Someone may argue that DID is a byproduct form evolution of human. But I personally disagree, because I do not think prevention of suicide is a way to continuation the racial. According the theoretical perspectives and the movie, possible treatment could be in three ways: Psychodynamic treatment, which is used in movie, is a useful way because it really works. Exposures, according to Dr. Cawley is role-play treatment, is the way to make patient flash back and try to make them recall the lost memory. It is works because according to Andrew’s reaction, scenario reproduction can make people realize their unconscious thoughts. This treatment cost lots of money, time and labors. The result may be disappointed as Dr. Cawley said: â€Å"you was back to normal 9 months ago† but Andrew out of control again. So they use the same way treated him again, and it finally worked. But after his tough memory came back, he was not being able to accept them. At last, he decided to using psychosurgery. Biological treatment used to be very popular, especially in 1950’s. They provide the most quick and effective way to reduce the abnormality. What they do is use electric shock make people numb so that they will feel better, or â€Å"put mania patients in cold water until thy calm down†. The case like Andrew, they will cut off his front lob so that he will become an idiot without any emotion and feeling. Biological therapies can solve the problem, but it is because they only focus on the result but not how patients feel. Therapies are made to help people feel better, if they be treat like mice in lab, there is no necessary to use the therapies. Beside the treatment used in movie, behavioral therapies are worth to try . But since Andrew’s disorders were so serious, it may be not work very well. Give him reward when he think and act in a normal way. Encourage him when he faced the trouble to forgiving himself. Teach him how to face his imagination and other illusions. But if he stay in his fantasy world and never came out, his way will be useless. I have to say this is a perfect movie. Every second is worth to thinking about. I never associate with DID patient but I think this movie describe their situation very well. Some people may feel DID patients’ behaviors are laughable because they switch between different personalities. But this movie provide a real and vivid view of DID patients. If you can went through every second in this movie more than twice, you can see that every detail of dissociative disorder is fully showed. I cannot find any loopholes or tommyrots in this works. This film brings dark and gloomy emotion to most of people. This is a miserable and entangled story, even is a not real. Beside the sadness, I still feel a little bit warm from this film. Even there is war between biological therapy and psychology theory, Dr. Cawley and Dr. Sheehan still insist to treat their patients nice and warm. They were willing to spend more time and money to save the people in pain instead just use surgery to make them like â€Å"zombie†. When Dr. Sheehan noticed that Andrew still believed he is a marshal, I thought I saw the most disappointed face in the world. Two year, lots of money and stress from outside, are equal to nothing. But is Andrew really back to crazy? No! His last question to Sheehan is â€Å"Which one would be worse: to live as a monster or to die as a good man? † After Andrew got all his memory back, he cannot take them. But he is not insane any more so he cannot avoid them either. His last choice was agree to accept the lobotomy and become a man without memory and pain. This is the only way he can live as a â€Å"good man†. â€Å"I wish I could let you just live in your fantasy world, I really do. † Dr. Cawley’s goal was also what I thought about. Since create alter and story is the way people protect themselves from unacceptable memory, then why just leave them in their imagine world? They could be happier if no one unmasks the lie. But after this movie, I realized that truth will never go, they just wander between conscious and unconscious place in people’s memory. History will stay there forever, no matter you face them or just turn around. Patients usually just struggle between the truth and their imagination. They create one alter to tell them â€Å"wake up†, and create another role to push them stay in the dream. They still surfer the pain during the struggle, so face the truth may be better for their future.

Biography of Daniel Ellsberg

Biography of Daniel Ellsberg Daniel Ellsberg is a former analyst for the U.S. military and Vietnam War opponent. His name became synonymous with the importance of the press freedoms granted by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution after he leaked a secret report on the Vietnam War  known as the Pentagon Papers  to journalists. Ellsbergs work as a whistleblower helped exposed the failure of the governments war strategies in The New York Times, The Washington Post and more than a dozen other newspapers, and has been dramatized by Hollywood in movies such as The Post, The Pentagon Papers and The Most Dangerous Man in America. Legacy and Impact Ellsbergs leak of the Pentagon Papers helped to solidify the publics opposition to the Vietnam War and turn members of Congress against the conflict. The publication of the documents by The New York Times, The Washington Post and other newspapers helped bring about the most important legal decision in defense of press freedom in American history. When President Richard M. Nixons administration sought to prevent The Times from reporting on the Pentagon Papers, the newspaper fought back. The U.S. Supreme Court later determined that the newspapers were acting in the public interest and restricted the governments use of prior restraint to censor stories before publication. Wrote Supreme Courts majority: â€Å"Only a free and unrestrained press can effectively expose deception in government. ...  In revealing the workings of government that led to the Vietnam War, the newspapers nobly did that which the Founders hoped and trusted they would do. Ruling on the governors claim that publication would threaten national security, the court stated: â€Å"The word ‘security’ is a broad, vague generality whose contours should not be invoked to abrogate the fundamental law embodied in the First Amendment.† Journalist and Author Ellsberg is the author of three books, including a 2002 memoir of his work to expose the Pentagon Papers called Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. He has also written about Americas nuclear program in a 2017 book, The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner,  and published essays about the Vietnam War in the 1971 book Papers on the War. Portrayal in Pop Culture Numerous books and movies have been written and produced about Ellsbergs role in leaking the Pentagon Papers to the press and the legal battle over their publication. Ellsberg was played by Matthew Rhys in the 2017 movie The Post.  The film also featured Meryl Streep as Katherine Graham, the publisher of The Washington Post, and Tom Hanks as newspaper editor Ben Bradlee. Ellsberg was played by James Spader in the 2003 movie The Pentagon Papers. He also appeared in a 2009 documentary, The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers. The Pentagon Papers has also been the subject of numerous books, including New York Times reporter Neil Sheehans The Pentagon Papers: The Secret History of the Vietnam War, published in 2017; and Grahams  The Pentagon Papers: Making History at the Washington Post. Studied Economics at Harvard Ellsberg earned a bachelors degree in economics from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard in 1962. He also studied in the King’s College at  Cambridge University. Career Timeline Ellsberg served in the Marine Corps before working for the RAND Corp., a research and analysis nonprofit based in Arlington, Virginia, and the U.S. Department of Defense, where he helped with the production of a report on how top U.S. officials made decisions on the countrys involvement in the Vietnam Way between 1945 and 1968. The 7,000 page report, which became known as the Pentagon Papers, revealed, among other things, that the administration of President Lyndon Johnson had systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress, about a subject of transcendent national interest and significance. Heres a timeline of  Ellbergs military and professional career. 1954 to 1957: Ellsberg serves as a  rifle platoon leader, operations officer, and rifle company commander in the U.S. Marine Corps.1957 to 1959: Ellsberg continues his studies as a junior fellow in the Harvard University Society of Fellows, an elite program designed to allow promising young students a chance to pursue their scholarships.1959: Ellsberg takes a position as a strategic analyst at RAND Corp. He would later write that he accepted the position under the delusion ... that a missile gap favoring the Soviets made the problem of deterring a Soviet surprise attack the overriding challenge to U.S. and world security. He worked as a consultant  to the Commander-in-Chief Pacific, or CINCPAC.1961 to 1964: As a RAND Corp. employee, Ellsberg worked as a consultant to the departments of Defense and State and to the White House. He specialized in nuclear weapons, nuclear war plans, and crisis decision-making.1964: Ellsberg joins the Department of Defense and works for  John T. Mc Naughton, the assistant secretary of Defense for international security affairs. In this role Ellsberg is asked to study decision-making on the Vietnam War. 1964 and 1965:  Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara ordered  McNaughton and Ellsberg to work on secret plans to escalate the Vietnam War.  The plans were carried out in the spring of 1965.1965 to 1967: Ellsberg transfers to the Department of State and serves in Vietnam. He is based at the  embassy in Saigon. He contracted hepatitis and left Vietnam in June 1967.1967: Ellsberg returns to work for RAND Corp. and begins work on U.S. Decision-Making in Vietnam, 1945-68, the  document that would later become known as the Pentagon Papers.1968 and 1969: Ellsberg serves as a consultant to  Henry Kissinger, the national security assistant to President-elect Richard Nixon. He helps draft Nixons  presentation to the National Security Council on the Vietnam War.1969: Ellsberg, frustrated by what he described as a continuous record of governmental deception and fatally unwise decision-making, cloaked by secrecy, under four presidents, learns that Nixon is preparing to escalate the nations involved in the Vietnam War. Wrote Ellsberg years later: The history in the Pentagon Papers offered no promise of changing this pattern from within the bureaucracy. Only a better informed Congress and public might act to avert indefinite prolongation and further escalation of the war. He begins to make photocopies of the secret 7,000 page study. 1971: Ellsberg leaks most of the report to The New York Times because Congress declined to set hearings on the study. When the attorney general and president moved to block the newspapers publication of further reports on the Pentagon Papers, Ellsburg leaks copies to The Washington Post and 19 other newspapers. The Supreme Court later voided the injunction. But later that year, Ellsberg was indicted on 12 criminal charges related to his leak of the top-secret document. The charges included conspiracy, theft of  government property, and violation of espionage statutes.1973: The judge in Ellsbergs trial dismissed all the charges against Ellsberg, citing  improper government conduct shielded so long from public view.  The judge declared a mistrial, stating that the governments action in this case offended a sense of justice.1975:  The Vietnam War ends. Ellsberg begins a career as a lecturer, writer, and activist on what he describes as the dangers of the nuclear era, wrongful U. S. interventions and the urgent need for patriotic whistleblowing. Personal Life Ellsberg was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1931 and was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He is married and lives in Kensington, California. He and his wife have three grown children. Important Quotes â€Å"Then it was as though an ax had split my head, and my heart broke open. But what had really happened was that my life had split in two.† -   Ellsberg on hearing a speech by a Vietnam War resister who was about to be jailed and his decision to leak the top-secret Pentagon Papers.Thats a heavy burden to bear. I share it with a thousand others who had that kind of access.  - Ellsberg on his belief that had he leaked the information sooner, Congress would not have supported an expansion of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.Had I or one of the scores of other officials who had the same high-level information acted then on our oath of office - which was not an oath to obey the president, nor to keep the secret that he was violating his own sworn obligations, but solely an oath to support and defend the constitution of the United States - that terrible war might well have been averted altogether. But to hope to have that effect, we would have needed to disclose the documents when they were current, before the escalation - not five or seven, or even two, years after the fateful commitments had been made.  - Ellsberg  on his belief that had he leaked the information sooner, Congress would not have supported an expansion of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Without young men going to prison for nonviolent protests against the draft, men that I met on their way to prison, no Pentagon Papers. It wouldnt have occurred to me simply to do something that would put myself in prison for the rest of my life, as I assumed that would do.  - Ellsberg on his decision to risk going to prison for leaking the Pentagon Papers.A lesson to be drawn from reading the Pentagon Papers, knowing all that followed or has come out in the years since, is this. To those in the Pentagon, state department, the White House, CIA (and their counterparts in Britain and other Nato countries) who have similar access to mine then and foreknowledge of disastrous escalations in our wars in the Middle East, I would say: Dont make my mistake. Dont do what I did. Dont wait until a new war has started in Iran, until more bombs have fallen in Afghanistan, in Pakistan, Libya,  Iraq, or Yemen. Dont wait until thousands more have died, before you go to the press and to Congress to tell the truth  with documents  that reveal lies or crimes or internal projections of costs and dangers. Dont wait 40 years for it to be declassified, or seven years as I did for you or someone else to leak it.  - Ellsberg on the importance of whistleblowers to democracy. The personal risks are great. But a wars worth of lives might be saved.  - Ellsberg on the important of transparency in government.I am a patriot, and that has never changed. - Ellsberg responding to a question from National Public Radio about his patriotism and belief in the strength of the United States. References and Recommended Reading Biography  -   Daniel Ellsberg: Scholar, Anti-War Activist, Government Official, JournalistNational Public Radio  - Daniel Ellsberg Explains Why He Leaked The Pentagon PapersEllsberg.net  - Bio of Daniel Ellsberg  | Extended Bio of Daniel Ellsberg

REL212 WEEK 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

REL212 WEEK 5 - Research Paper Example Although it is believed that Kami resides in everything, there are specific places secluded for the interaction of Kami and people including sacred nature and the shrines (Breen & Teeuwen, 2011). The western religions believe in monotheism. They believe in one creator, God. The eastern religions believe in polytheism. The fact that the Zoroastrians believe in the existence of both evil (druj) and the good is a unifying factor between the two religions (Iver, 2009). Christianity is greatly influenced by Zoroastrianism, one of the first religions of the world. Most of the practices in Christianity are from Zoroastrianism and include resurrection, dualism, judgment after death, the existence of heaven and hell and the savior being born by a virgin (Hartz, O’Brien & Palmer, 2009). Through the help of hundred of scholars, there has been a renewal of the Zoroastrianism religion. It is still relevant and inspiring. The main reason is the main teaching of the religion is good thoughts, words and deeds. This are the main building blocks of the religion and also all the other upcoming religion (Iver, 2009). Explain two ways in which the concept of â€Å"exile† in Judaism (from the Garden of Eden, then Babylon, and so forth up to the reestablishment of the nation of Israel) has been a major part of Jewish religion and heritage. Judaism traces its root to the covenant made between Abraham and God. Most of their religion practices and heritage are governed by the many covenants they made during their exiles and journey to the Promised Land (Max, 1952). According to the Bible, Abraham was given the 10commandments which are pillar to the Jewish religion till now. From the sunset of Friday to the sunset on Saturday, they observe the Sabbath (Max, 1952). During their captivity in Babylon, they copied their culture including their alphabet and calendar. They also replaced their traditional script with a current Hebrew script. After their